Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, Vol. 10, No. 10 1093-1100
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Paternal monoallelic expression of PEG3 in the human placenta
1Research Group in Human Reproductive Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK, 2Sub-department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley CB3 8AA, UK and 3Wellcome/CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon whereby mono-allelic expression of certain genes occurs depending on their parental origin. The observation that imprinting only occurs in placental mammals has led to the suggestion that it may play a role in this form of reproduction. In the present study we have investigated the pattern of expression of the human PEG3 gene in the early to term placenta, as well as the uterus and ovary, using RT–PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization. A comparison is made with the expression of Peg3 in the mouse by histochemical staining in ßgeo knock out mice. We have demonstrated high levels of PEG3 in the human placenta and have localized the signal to the layer of villous cytotrophoblast cells. In contrast, the pattern of expression of Peg3 in the mouse placenta is less restricted, the message being present in all trophoblast populations. Thus, expression of PEG3/Peg3 in the human and mouse placenta is not directly comparable. We have also detected PEG3 message in the ovarian stroma. We have sequenced the human PEG3 gene from exon 3 to exon 9. By utilizing a polymorphism detected in exon 9, we have established that only the paternal allele is expressed in human placenta. Human PEG3 is therefore maternally imprinted as in mouse.
+ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1223 333727; Fax: +44 1223 765065; Email: akk27@cam.ac.uk
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