Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, Vol. 10, No. 15 1571-1579
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Temporal and spatial expression patterns of the CRX transcription factor and its downstream targets. Critical differences during human and mouse eye development.
Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK, 1Developmental Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK, 2Department of Ophthalmology, The Western Eye Hospital, Marylebone Road, London NW6 5YE, UK and 3Department of Integrative and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Dunstan’s Road, London W6 8RF, UK
Cone–rod homeobox (CRX), a paired-like homeobox transcription factor, plays a major role in photoreceptor development and maintenance of the retina. Fifteen different mutations in the CRX gene have been identified as a cause of blinding retinal dystrophy. As a step towards characterizing the underlying pathophysiology of disease, temporal and spatial gene expression patterns during human and mouse eye development were investigated for CRX and for downstream retinally expressed genes, postulated to be transactivated by CRX. We found that human CRX was expressed at 10.5 weeks post-conception (p.c.). This was significantly later than observed in mouse development. Immunocytochemistry in human retina showed that CRX protein was not detected until >4 weeks later at 15 weeks p.c., implying that it would be unable to transactivate PDEB, IRBP and arrestin, which were all expressed before 15 weeks. These data therefore eliminate CRX as the major transcriptional activator of these three genes from a wide group of retinal genes that can be transactivated by CRX in vitro. Additionally, PDEB was expressed 2 weeks before CRX whereas murine Pdeb was expressed after Crx, highlighting a potential difference for the role of PDEB in human eye development. Previous data had shown CRX expression in the adult human retina to be photoreceptor-specific; however, we demonstrate that this gene is also expressed in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the human and mouse retina by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. INL localization of murine Crx was confirmed in rd/rd,cl mice, as in this mouse model the photoreceptors are absent. We have found important differences in the temporal expression of this gene in human and mouse retina, although spatial expression of the CRX gene appears to be conserved. In addition, downstream targets of CRX in vitro might not represent in vivo function during development. These data support concerns about the extent to which we can extrapolate from rodent models regarding embryonic development and disease pathophysiology.
+ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 20 7594 3007; Fax: +44 20 7594 3015; Email: c.gregory-evans@ic.ac.uk
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