Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, Vol. 10, No. 22 2501-2508
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Mutations in the Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1) are a common cause of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss
1Mental Health Research Institute, 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 3Department of Human Genetics and 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, 5Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium, 6Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands and 7Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Non-syndromic low frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFSNHL) affecting only 2000 Hz and below is an unusual type of hearing loss that worsens over time without progressing to profound deafness. This type of LFSNHL may be associated with mild tinnitus but is not associated with vertigo. We have previously reported two families with autosomal dominant LFSNHL linked to adjacent but non-overlapping loci on 4p16, DFNA6 and DFNA14. However, further study revealed that an individual with LFSNHL in the DFNA6 family who had a recombination event that excluded the DFNA14 candidate region was actually a phenocopy, and consequently, DFNA6 and DFNA14 are allelic. LFSNHL appears to be genetically nearly homogeneous, as only one LFSNHL family is known to map to a different chromosome (DFNA1). The DFNA6/14 critical region includes WFS1, the gene responsible for Wolfram syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, and often, deafness. Herein we report five different heterozygous missense mutations (T699M, A716T, V779M, L829P, G831D) in the WFS1 gene found in six LFSNHL families. Mutations in WFS1 were identified in all LFSNHL families tested, with A716T arising independently in two families. None of the mutations was found in at least 220 control chromosomes with the exception of V779M, which was identified in 1/336 controls. This frequency is consistent with the prevalence of heterozygous carriers for Wolfram syndrome estimated at 0.3–1%. An increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss has been reported in such carriers. Therefore, we conclude that mutations in WFS1 are a common cause of LFSNHL.
+ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, F6905 Mott, Box 0241, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0241, USA. Tel: +1 734 936 9816; Fax: +1 734 763 7802; Email: lesperan@umich.edu Present address: Irina N. Bespalova, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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