Human Molecular Genetics

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Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, Vol. 10, No. 4 353-360
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Functional analysis of BRCA1 C-terminal missense mutations identified in breast and ovarian cancer families

Johan Vallon-Christersson¹, Charmagne Cayanan⁷, Karin Haraldsson¹, Niklas Loman¹, Jon Thor Bergthorsson³, Karen Brøndum-Nielsen⁴, Anne-Marie Gerdes⁵, Pål Møller⁶, Ulf Kristoffersson², Håkan Olsson¹, Åke Borg¹ and Alvaro N.A. Monteiro^7,8,+

¹Department of Oncology and ²Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden, ³Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Iceland, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland, ⁴The John F. Kennedy Institute, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark, ⁵Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, ⁶Unit of Medical Genetics, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, ⁷Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Strang Cancer Prevention Center, New York, NY 10021, USA and ⁸Department of Cell Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA

Germline mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 are responsible for the majority of cases involving hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Whereas all truncating mutations are considered as functionally deleterious, most of the missense variants identified to date cannot be readily distinguished as either disease-associated mutations or benign polymorphisms. The C-terminal domain of BRCA1 displays an intrinsic transactivation activity, and mutations linked to disease predisposition have been shown to confer loss of such activity in yeast and mammalian cells. In an attempt to clarify the functional importance of the BRCA1 C-terminus as a transcription activator in cancer predisposition, we have characterized the effect of C-terminal germline variants identified in Scandinavian breast and ovarian cancer families. Missense variants A1669S, C1697R, R1699W, R1699Q, A1708E, S1715R and G1738E and a truncating mutation, W1837X, were characterized using yeast- and mammalian-based transcription assays. In addition, four additional missense variants (V1665M, D1692N, S1715N and D1733G) and one in-frame deletion (V1688del) were included in the study. Our findings demonstrate that transactivation activity may reflect a tumor-suppressing function of BRCA1 and further support the role of BRCA1 missense mutations in disease predisposition. We also report a discrepancy between results from yeast- and mammalian-based assays, indicating that it may not be possible to unambiguously characterize variants with the yeast assay alone. We show that transcription-based assays can aid in the characterization of deleterious mutations in the C-terminal part of BRCA1 and may form the basis of a functional assay.

⁺ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Strang Cancer Prevention Center, The Rockefeller University, Box 231, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. Tel: +1 212 7340567 (ext. 225); Fax: +1 212 4729471; Email: monteia@rockvax.rockefeller.edu

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