Human Molecular Genetics, 2002, Vol. 11, No. 24 3031-3038
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Two independent apolipoprotein A5 haplotypes influence human plasma triglyceride levels
1Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA and 3Center for Human Nutrition and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Received July 15, 2002; Accepted September 16, 2002
The recently identified apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) has been shown to play an important role in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans and mice. We previously identified an APOA5 haplotype (designated APOA5*2) that is present in 
16% of Caucasians and is associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentrations. In this report we describe another APOA5 haplotype (APOA5*3) containing the rare allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism c.56C>G that changes serine to tryptophan at codon 19 and is independently associated with high plasma triglyceride levels in three different populations. In a sample of 264 Caucasian men and women with plasma triglyceride concentrations above the 90th percentile or below the 10th percentile, the APOA5*3 haplotype was more than three-fold more common in the group with high plasma triglyceride levels. In a second independently ascertained sample of Caucasian men and women (n=419) who were studied while consuming their self-selected diets as well as after high-carbohydrate diets and high-fat diets, the APOA5*3 haplotype was associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels on all three dietary regimens. In a third population comprising 2660 randomly selected individuals, the APOA5*3 haplotype was found in 12% of Caucasians, 14% of African-Americans and 28% of Hispanics and was associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels in both men and women in each ethnic group. These findings establish that the APOA5 locus contributes significantly to inter-individual variation in plasma triglyceride levels in humans. Together, the APOA5*2 and APOA5*3 haplotypes are found in 25–50% of African-Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians and support the contribution of common human variation to quantitative phenotypes in the general population.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Genome Sciences, MS 84-171, One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. Tel: +1 5104867498; Fax: +1 5104864229; Email: lapennacchio{at}lbl.gov.
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, these three authors should be considered as joint First Authors.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Rotger, C. Bayard, P. Taffe, R. Martinez, M. Cavassini, E. Bernasconi, M. Battegay, B. Hirschel, H. Furrer, A. Witteck, et al. Contribution of Genome-Wide Significant Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Antiretroviral Therapy to Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal Study Circ Cardiovasc Genet, December 1, 2009; 2(6): 621 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Solanas-Barca, R. Mateo-Gallego, P. Calmarza, E. Jarauta, A. M. Bea, A. Cenarro, and F. Civeira Mutations in HFE Causing Hemochromatosis Are Associated with Primary Hypertriglyceridemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2009; 94(11): 4391 - 4397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Keebler, C. L. Sanders, A. Surti, C. Guiducci, N. P. Burtt, and S. Kathiresan Association of Blood Lipids With Common DNA Sequence Variants at 19 Genetic Loci in the Multiethnic United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Circ Cardiovasc Genet, June 1, 2009; 2(3): 238 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. F. C. Vaessen, G. M. Dallinga-Thie, C. J. D. Ross, L. J. Splint, L. W. Castellani, P. C. N. Rensen, M. R. Hayden, F. G. Schaap, and J. A. Kuivenhoven Plasma apolipoprotein AV levels in mice are positively associated with plasma triglyceride levels J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2009; 50(5): 880 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Forte, X. Shu, and R. O. Ryan The ins (cell) and outs (plasma) of apolipoprotein A-V J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2009; 50(Supplement): S150 - S155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Gallardo, R. N. Pena, M. Amills, L. Varona, O. Ramirez, J. Reixach, I. Diaz, J. Tibau, J. Soler, J. M. Prat-Cuffi, et al. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride serum concentrations in pigs Physiol Genomics, November 12, 2008; 35(3): 199 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Shu, R. O. Ryan, and T. M. Forte Intracellular lipid droplet targeting by apolipoprotein A-V requires the carboxyl-terminal segment J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2008; 49(8): 1670 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Olano-Martin, E. C. Abraham, R. Gill-Garrison, A. M. Valdes, K. Grimaldi, F. Tang, K. G. Jackson, C. M. Williams, and A. M. Minihane Influence of apoA-V gene variants on postprandial triglyceride metabolism: impact of gender J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 945 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Gerritsen, C. C. van der Hoogt, F. G. Schaap, P. J. Voshol, K. E. Kypreos, N. Maeda, A. K. Groen, L. M. Havekes, P. C. N. Rensen, and K. W. van Dijk ApoE2-associated hypertriglyceridemia is ameliorated by increased levels of apoA-V but unaffected by apoC-III deficiency J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2008; 49(5): 1048 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Nelbach, X. Shu, R. J. Konrad, R. O. Ryan, and T. M. Forte Effect of apolipoprotein A-V on plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein size, and composition in genetically engineered mice J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2008; 49(3): 572 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y Yamada, S Ichihara, K Kato, T Yoshida, K Yokoi, H Matsuo, S Watanabe, N Metoki, H Yoshida, K Satoh, et al. Genetic risk for metabolic syndrome: examination of candidate gene polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism in Japanese people J. Med. Genet., January 1, 2008; 45(1): 22 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Grallert, E.-M. Sedlmeier, C. Huth, M. Kolz, I. M. Heid, C. Meisinger, C. Herder, K. Strassburger, A. Gehringer, M. Haak, et al. APOA5 variants and metabolic syndrome in Caucasians J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2007; 48(12): 2614 - 2621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Sundl, M. Guardiola, G. Khoschsorur, R. Sola, J. C. Vallve, G. Godas, L. Masana, M. Maritschnegg, A. Meinitzer, N. Cardinault, et al. Increased concentrations of circulating vitamin E in carriers of the apolipoprotein A5 gene 1131T>C variant and associations with plasma lipids and lipid peroxidation J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2007; 48(11): 2506 - 2513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Qu, G. Perdomo, D. Su, F. M. D'Souza, N. S. Shachter, and H. H. Dong Effects of apoA-V on HDL and VLDL metabolism in APOC3 transgenic mice J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 1476 - 1487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Shu, J. Chan, R. O. Ryan, and T. M. Forte Apolipoprotein A-V association with intracellular lipid droplets J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 1445 - 1450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Hegele and R. L. Pollex Apolipoprotein A-V Genetic Variation and Plasma Lipoprotein Response to Fibrates Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1224 - 1227. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Moreno-Luna, F. Perez-Jimenez, C. Marin, P. Perez-Martinez, P. Gomez, Y. Jimenez-Gomez, J. Delgado-Lista, J. A. Moreno, T. Tanaka, J. M. Ordovas, et al. Two Independent Apolipoprotein A5 Haplotypes Modulate Postprandial Lipoprotein Metabolism in a Healthy Caucasian Population J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2280 - 2285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-Q. Lai, D. K. Arnett, D. Corella, R. J. Straka, M. Y. Tsai, J. M. Peacock, X. Adiconis, L. D. Parnell, J. E. Hixson, M. A. Province, et al. Fenofibrate Effect on Triglyceride and Postprandial Response of Apolipoprotein A5 Variants: The GOLDN Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1417 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Schaap, M. C. Nierman, J. F. P. Berbee, H. Hattori, P. J. Talmud, S. F. C. Vaessen, P. C. N. Rensen, R. A. F. M. Chamuleau, J. A. Kuivenhoven, and A. K. Groen Evidence for a complex relationship between apoA-V and apoC-III in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2006; 47(10): 2333 - 2339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. C. Vaessen, F. G. Schaap, J.-A. Kuivenhoven, A. K. Groen, B. A. Hutten, S. M. Boekholdt, H. Hattori, M. S. Sandhu, S. A. Bingham, R. Luben, et al. Apolipoprotein A-V, triglycerides and risk of coronary artery disease: the prospective Epic-Norfolk Population Study J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 2064 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-Q. Lai, D. Corella, S. Demissie, L. A. Cupples, X. Adiconis, Y. Zhu, L. D. Parnell, K. L. Tucker, and J. M. Ordovas Dietary Intake of n-6 Fatty Acids Modulates Effect of Apolipoprotein A5 Gene on Plasma Fasting Triglycerides, Remnant Lipoprotein Concentrations, and Lipoprotein Particle Size: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, May 2, 2006; 113(17): 2062 - 2070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Elosua, J. M. Ordovas, L. A. Cupples, C.-Q. Lai, S. Demissie, C. S. Fox, J. F. Polak, P. A. Wolf, R. B. D'Agostino Sr., and C. J. O'Donnell Variants at the APOA5 locus, association with carotid atherosclerosis, and modification by obesity: the Framingham Study J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2006; 47(5): 990 - 996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Hodoglugil, S. Tanyolac, D. W. Williamson, Y. Huang, and R. W. Mahley Apolipoprotein A-V: a potential modulator of plasma triglyceride levels in Turks J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 144 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Ruiz-Narvaez, Y. Yang, Y. Nakanishi, J. Kirchdorfer, and H. Campos APOC3/A5 haplotypes, lipid levels, and risk of myocardial infarction in the Central Valley of Costa Rica J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 2605 - 2613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Prieur, F. G. Schaap, H. Coste, and J. C. Rodriguez Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4{alpha} Regulates the Human Apolipoprotein AV Gene: Identification of a Novel Response Element and Involvement in the Control by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} Coactivator-1{alpha}, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2005; 19(12): 3107 - 3125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Krauss Dietary and Genetic Probes of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2265 - 2272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ishihara, T. Kujiraoka, T. Iwasaki, M. Nagano, M. Takano, J. Ishii, M. Tsuji, H. Ide, I. P. Miller, N. E. Miller, et al. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human plasma apolipoprotein A-V concentration J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2005; 46(9): 2015 - 2022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Talmud, J. Palmen, W. Putt, L. Lins, and S. E. Humphries Determination of the Functionality of Common APOA5 Polymorphisms J. Biol. Chem., August 5, 2005; 280(31): 28215 - 28220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Prieur, T. Huby, H. Coste, F. G. Schaap, M. J. Chapman, and J. C. Rodriguez Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Hypotriglyceridemic Gene APOA5 J. Biol. Chem., July 29, 2005; 280(30): 27533 - 27543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Frances, D. Corella, J. V. Sorli, M. Guillen, J. I. Gonzalez, and O. Portoles Validating a Rapid Method for Detecting Common Polymorphisms in the APOA5 Gene by Melting Curve Analysis Using LightTyper Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1279 - 1282. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Hubacek, A. Horinek, Z. Skodova, V. Adamkova, R. Ceska, L. Zlatohlavek, and M. Vrablik Hypertriglyceridemia: Interaction between APOE and APOAV Variants Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1311 - 1313. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gao, Y. Wei, Y. Huang, D. Liu, G. Liu, M. Wu, L. Wu, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. Zhang, et al. The Expression of Intact and Mutant Human apoAI/CIII/AIV/AV Gene Cluster in Transgenic Mice J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12559 - 12566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. E. Klos, S. Hamon, A. G. Clark, E. Boerwinkle, K. Liu, and C. F. Sing APOA5 polymorphisms influence plasma triglycerides in young, healthy African Americans and whites of the CARDIA Study J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2005; 46(3): 564 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. Oliva, L. Pisciotta, G. L. Volti, M. P. Sambataro, A. Cantafora, A. Bellocchio, A. Catapano, P. Tarugi, S. Bertolini, and S. Calandra Inherited Apolipoprotein A-V Deficiency in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 411 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-Q. Lai, S. Demissie, L. A. Cupples, Y. Zhu, X. Adiconis, L. D. Parnell, D. Corella, and J. M. Ordovas Influence of the APOA5 locus on plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein subclasses, and CVD risk in the Framingham Heart Study J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2004; 45(11): 2096 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Schaefer, A. M. Sattler, B. Hackler, B. Kurt, R. Hackler, B. Maisch, and M. Soufi Hyperlipidemia in Patients with Apolipoprotein E 2/2 Phenotype: Apolipoprotein A5 S19W Mutation as a Cofactor Clin. Chem., November 1, 2004; 50(11): 2214 - 2214. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Jakel, M. Nowak, E. Moitrot, H. Dehondt, D. W. Hum, L. A. Pennacchio, J. Fruchart-Najib, and J.-C. Fruchart The Liver X Receptor Ligand T0901317 Down-regulates APOA5 Gene Expression through Activation of SREBP-1c J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 2004; 279(44): 45462 - 45469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Jang, J. Y. Kim, O. Y. Kim, J. E. Lee, H. Cho, J. M Ordovas, and J. H. Lee The -1131T->C polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia; elevated small, dense LDL concentrations; and oxidative stress in nonobese Korean men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 832 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Cohen, R. S. Kiss, A. Pertsemlidis, Y. L. Marcel, R. McPherson, and H. H. Hobbs Multiple Rare Alleles Contribute to Low Plasma Levels of HDL Cholesterol Science, August 6, 2004; 305(5685): 869 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Schaap, P. C. N. Rensen, P. J. Voshol, C. Vrins, H. N. van der Vliet, R. A. F. M. Chamuleau, L. M. Havekes, A. K. Groen, and K. W. van Dijk ApoAV Reduces Plasma Triglycerides by Inhibiting Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Triglyceride (VLDL-TG) Production and Stimulating Lipoprotein Lipase-mediated VLDL-TG Hydrolysis J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 27941 - 27947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Baroukh, E. Bauge, J. Akiyama, J. Chang, V. Afzal, J.-C. Fruchart, E. M. Rubin, J. Fruchart-Najib, and L. A. Pennacchio Analysis of Apolipoprotein A5, C3, and Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Genetically Engineered Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1297 - 1302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-f. Wang, X. Liu, J. O'Connell, Z. Peng, R. M. Krauss, D. L. Rainwater, J. L. VandeBerg, Edward. M. Rubin, J.-F. Cheng, and L. A. Pennacchio Haplotypes in the APOA1-C3-A4-A5 gene cluster affect plasma lipids in both humans and baboons Hum. Mol. Genet., May 15, 2004; 13(10): 1049 - 1056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Mar, P. Pajukanta, H. Allayee, M. Groenendijk, G. Dallinga-Thie, R. M. Krauss, J. S. Sinsheimer, R. M. Cantor, T. W.A. de Bruin, and A. J. Lusis Association of the APOLIPOPROTEIN A1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster With Triglyceride Levels and LDL Particle Size in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Circ. Res., April 16, 2004; 94(7): 993 - 999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Talmud, S. Martin, M.-R. Taskinen, M. H. Frick, M. S. Nieminen, Y. A. Kesaniemi, A. Pasternack, S. E. Humphries, and M. Syvanne APOA5 gene variants, lipoprotein particle distribution, and progression of coronary heart disease: results from the LOCAT study J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2004; 45(4): 750 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.C. Shoulders, E.L. Jones, and R.P. Naoumova Genetics of familial combined hyperlipidemia and risk of coronary heart disease Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2004; 13(90001): R149 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Eichenbaum-Voline, M. Olivier, E. L. Jones, R. P. Naoumova, B. Jones, B. Gau, H. N. Patel, M. Seed, D. J. Betteridge, D. J. Galton, et al. Linkage and Association Between Distinct Variants of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster and Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2004; 24(1): 167 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-Q. Lai, E-S. Tai, C. E. Tan, J. Cutter, S. K. Chew, Y.-P. Zhu, X. Adiconis, and J. M. Ordovas The APOA5 locus is a strong determinant of plasma triglyceride concentrations across ethnic groups in Singapore J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2003; 44(12): 2365 - 2373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-T. Kao, H.-C. Wen, K.-L. Chien, H.-C. Hsu, and S.-W. Lin A novel genetic variant in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with hypertriglyceridemia Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2003; 12(19): 2533 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Weinberg, V. R. Cook, J. A. Beckstead, D. D. O. Martin, J. W. Gallagher, G. S. Shelness, and R. O. Ryan Structure and Interfacial Properties of Human Apolipoprotein A-V J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 2003; 278(36): 34438 - 34444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Vrablik, A Horinek, R Ceska, V Adamkova, R Poledne, and J A Hubacek Ser19->Trp polymorphism within the apolipoprotein AV gene in hypertriglyceridaemic people J. Med. Genet., August 1, 2003; 40(8): e105 - 105. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Prieur, H. Coste, and J. C. Rodriguez The Human Apolipoprotein AV Gene Is Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-{alpha} and Contains a Novel Farnesoid X-activated Receptor Response Element J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2003; 278(28): 25468 - 25480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Aouizerat, M. Kulkarni, D. Heilbron, D. Drown, S. Raskin, C. R. Pullinger, M. J. Malloy, and J. P. Kane Genetic analysis of a polymorphism in the human apoA-V gene: effect on plasma lipids J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2003; 44(6): 1167 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-m. R. Wong, E. Hawe, L. K. Li, G. J. Miller, V. Nicaud, L. A. Pennacchio, S. E. Humphries, and P. J. Talmud Apolipoprotein AIV Gene Variant S347 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Lower Plasma Apolipoprotein AIV Levels Circ. Res., May 16, 2003; 92(9): 969 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Vu-Dac, P. Gervois, H. Jakel, M. Nowak, E. Bauge, H. Dehondt, B. Staels, L. A. Pennacchio, E. M. Rubin, J. Fruchart-Najib, et al. Apolipoprotein A5, a Crucial Determinant of Plasma Triglyceride Levels, Is Highly Responsive to Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha Activators J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 2003; 278(20): 17982 - 17985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Pennacchio and E. M. Rubin Apolipoprotein A5, a Newly Identified Gene That Affects Plasma Triglyceride Levels in Humans and Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 529 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Talmud, E. Hawe, S. Martin, M. Olivier, G. J. Miller, E. M. Rubin, L. A. Pennacchio, and S. E. Humphries Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides Hum. Mol. Genet., November 15, 2002; 11(24): 3039 - 3046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|