Human Molecular Genetics, 2002, Vol. 11, No. 25 3125-3134
© 2002 Oxford University Press
Heterogeneous activation of the Fanconi anemia pathway by patient-derived FANCA mutants
1Division of Genetic Diagnosis, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and 3Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Received July 22, 2002; Revised September 26, 2002; Accepted October 4, 2002
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder of hematopoiesis characterized by hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinkers such as mitomycin C (MMC). There is growing evidence for a model of the FA pathway, wherein a nuclear multiprotein complex of five FA proteins (FANCA, C, E, F and G) regulates activation of FANCD2 into a monoubiquitinated form, which, collaborating with the BRCA1 machinery, affects cellular response to DNA damage. However, the role of the FA pathway in defective DNA damage response caused by various mutant forms of FA proteins has not been fully assessed. In the present study, 21 patient-derived FANCA mutants with a missense or a small in-frame deletion were expressed in FANCA-deficient fibroblasts and examined for complementation of MMC sensitivity and for reconstitution of the FA pathway: FANCA phosphorylation, interaction with FANCC, FANCF and FANCG and nuclear localization and FANCD2 monoubiquitination. The altered FANCA proteins complemented MMC sensitivity at different grades: five proteins (group I) behaved like wild-type FANCA, whereas the other proteins were either mildly (group II, n=4) or severely (group III, n=12) impaired. Group I proteins showed an apparently normal reconstitution of the FA pathway, thus they may be pathogenic by reducing endogenous expression or possibly benign polymorphisms. Reconstitution of the FA pathway by group II and III mutants closely correlated with cellular sensitivity to MMC. The different activation of the FA pathway may partly account for the phenotypic variation seen in FA patients.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Division of Genetic Diagnosis, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Tel: +81 354495765; Fax: +81 354495764; Email: y-taka{at}ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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