Human Molecular Genetics, 2003, Vol. 12, No. 5 463-471
© 2003 Oxford University Press
Usher syndrome type I G (USH1G) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding SANS, a protein that associates with the USH1C protein, harmonin
1Unité de Génétique des Déficits Sensoriels, CNRS URA1968, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France, 2Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine, Sfax, Tunisia, 3Department of Laboratory Animal Science, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (Rinshoken), Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Molecular Genetics and The Crown Human Genome Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 5Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Casablanca, Morocco, 6Service d'Ophtalmologie, C.H.U. H. Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia, 7INSERM U254, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de l'Audition, Montpellier, France and 8Institut für Humangenetik, Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Received December 6, 2002; Accepted January 7, 2003
Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is the most frequent cause of hereditary deaf–blindness in humans. Seven genetic loci (USH1A-G) have been implicated in this disease to date, and four of the corresponding genes have been identified: USH1B, C, D and F. We carried out fine mapping of USH1G (chromosome 17q24–25), restricting the location of this gene to an interval of 2.6 Mb and then screened genes present within this interval for mutations. The genes screened included the orthologue of the Sans gene, which is defective in the Jackson shaker deaf mutant and maps to the syntenic region in mice. In two consanguineous USH1G-affected families, we detected two different frameshift mutations in the SANS gene. Two brothers from a German family affected with USH1G were found to be compound heterozygotes for a frameshift and a missense mutation. These results demonstrate that SANS underlies USH1G. The SANS protein contains three ankyrin domains and a sterile alpha motif, and its C-terminal tripeptide presents a class I PDZ-binding motif. We showed, by means of co-transfection experiments, that SANS associates with harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein responsible for USH1C. In Jackson shaker mice the hair bundles, the mechanoreceptive structures of inner ear sensory cells, are disorganized. Based on the known interaction between USH1B (myosin VIIa), USH1C (harmonin) and USH1D (cadherin 23) proteins and the results obtained in this study, we suggest that a functional network formed by the USH1B, C, D and G proteins is responsible for the correct cohesion of the hair bundle.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: cpetit{at}pasteur.fr
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first three authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.
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