Human Molecular Genetics, 2003, Vol. 12, No. 9 949-959
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg114
© 2003 Oxford University Press
The FMR1 CGG repeat mouse displays ubiquitin-positive intranuclear neuronal inclusions; implications for the cerebellar tremor/ataxia syndrome
1CBG-Department of Clinical Genetics and 2Department of Neurosciences, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and 3Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
Received November 1, 2002; Accepted February 24, 2003
Recent studies have reported that alleles in the premutation range in the FMR1 gene in males result in increased FMR1 mRNA levels and at the same time mildly reduced FMR1 protein levels. Some elderly males with premutations exhibit an unique neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive intention tremor and ataxia. We describe neurohistological, biochemical and molecular studies of the brains of mice with an expanded CGG repeat and report elevated Fmr1 mRNA levels and intranuclear inclusions with ubiquitin, Hsp40 and the 20S catalytic core complex of the proteasome as constituents. An increase was observed of both the number and the size of the inclusions during the course of life, which correlates with the progressive character of the cerebellar tremor/ataxia syndrome in humans. The observations in expanded-repeat mice support a direct role of the Fmr1 gene, by either CGG expansion per se or by mRNA level, in the formation of the inclusions and suggest a correlation between the presence of intranuclear inclusions in distinct regions of the brain and the clinical features in symptomatic premutation carriers. This mouse model will facilitate the possibilities to perform studies at the molecular level from onset of symptoms until the final stage of the disease.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: CBG-Dept of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 104087198; Fax: +31 104089489; Email: b.oostra{at}erasmusmc.nl
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be known as joint First Authors.
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