Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on April 28, 2004
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Human Molecular Genetics, 2004, Vol. 13, No. 12 1219-1224
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh134
Human Molecular Genetics, Vol. 13, No. 12 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
Somatic and germline mosaicism in sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease
1MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and 2Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology UCL, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK and 3Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
Received January 21, 2004; Revised April 6, 2004; Accepted April 19, 2004
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Rare familial cases may be caused by mutations in one of three genes—amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1 and presenilin-2; however, the molecular basis of >99% of AD cases is unknown. Somatic mutation has been considered to be a mechanism that may account for a proportion of sporadic cases of AD, but to date there has been no evidence for this. We now report a sporadic early-onset patient with AD, and show that this individual is a somatic mosaic for a mutation in the presenilin-1 gene, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism for AD. Quantification of the mosaicism demonstrated the degree of mosaicism at 8% in peripheral lymphocytes and 14% in cerebral cortex in the index patient; a clear gene dosage effect on age of presentation and clinical phenotypic presentation is demonstrated. This finding has important implications for the aetiology of sporadic AD, and for other apparently sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 2078374888; Fax: +44 2078378047; Email: j.collinge{at}prion.ucl.ac.uk
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