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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on December 17, 2003
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Human Molecular Genetics, 2004, Vol. 13, No. 3 285-293
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh032

Limited capacity of the nuclear matrix to bind telomere repeat binding factor TRF1 may restrict the proliferation of mortal human fibroblasts

Jun Okabe1, Akiko Eguchi1,3, Renu Wadhwa1, Randeep Rakwal2, Rumi Tsukinoki4, Takao Hayakawa5 and Mahito Nakanishi1,*

1Gene Function Research Center and 2Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, 3Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8471, Japan, 4Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan and 5National Institute of Health Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan

Received August 27, 2003; Revised November 19, 2003; Accepted December 2, 2003

The maintenance of telomere integrity is essential for prolonged cell proliferation, and failure in this mechanism is a most consistent manifestation of cellular senescence. In this study, we investigated the role of telomere repeat binding factor (TRF1) in the proliferation of human fibroblasts. TRF1 expression is upregulated in a large variety of immortal human cells and supports de novo telomere formation in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that the suppression of TRF1 might limit telomere maintenance and thus the life span of mortal cells. However, primary fibroblasts ectopically overexpressing TRF1 were unable to avoid senescence. On the other hand, exogenously expressed TRF1 in primary fibroblasts neither supported de novo telomere formation nor bound to the nuclear matrix as tightly as observed in immortal cells that show upregulated TRF1 expression. We present evidence suggesting that mortal human cells lack specific ligand(s) that anchor TRF1 to the nuclear matrix and that this contributes to their limited lifespan.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 298613040; Fax: +81 298612798; Email: mahito-nakanishi{at}aist.go.jp


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