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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on August 23, 2005
Human Molecular Genetics 2005 14(19):2911-2918; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi322
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Differential expression of sex-linked and autosomal germ-cell-specific genes during spermatogenesis in the mouse

P. Jeremy Wang1,2, David C. Page2 and John R. McCarrey3,*

1Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA, 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA and 3Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. Tel: +1 2104584507; Fax: +1 2104585658; Email: jmccarrey{at}utsa.edu

Received May 12, 2005; Revised July 21, 2005; Accepted August 18, 2005

We have examined expression during spermatogenesis in the mouse of three Y-linked genes, 11 X-linked genes and 22 autosomal genes, all previously shown to be germ-cell-specific and expressed in premeiotic spermatogonia, plus another 21 germ-cell-specific autosomal genes that initiate expression in meiotic spermatocytes. Our data demonstrate that, like sex-linked housekeeping genes, germ-cell-specific sex-linked genes are subject to meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Although all the sex-linked genes we investigated underwent MSCI, 14 of the 22 autosomal genes expressed in spermatogonia showed no decrease in expression in meiotic spermatocytes. This along with our observation that an additional 21 germ-cell-specific autosomal genes initiate or significantly up-regulate expression in spermatocytes confirms that MSCI is indeed a sex-chromosome-specific effect. Our results further demonstrate that the chromosome-wide repression imposed by MSCI is limited to meiotic spermatocytes and that postmeiotic expression of sex-linked genes is variable. Thus, 13 of the 14 sex-linked genes we examined showed some degree of postmeiotic reactivation. The extent of postmeiotic reactivation of germ-cell-specific X-linked genes did not correlate with proximity to the X inactivation center or the Xist gene locus. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to differential gene regulation and the function of MSCI during spermatogenesis, including epigenetic programming of the future paternal genome during spermatogenesis.


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