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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on September 23, 2005
Human Molecular Genetics 2005 14(21):3237-3248; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi354
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Ribonucleoprotein particle formation is necessary but not sufficient for LINE-1 retrotransposition

Deanna A. Kulpa1 and John V. Moran1,2,*

1Department of Human Genetics and 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0618, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 1241 E. Catherine, 4909 Buhl, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Tel: +1 7346150456; Fax: +1 7347633784; Email: moranj{at}umich.edu

Received June 16, 2005; Revised August 17, 2005; Accepted September 15, 2005

Long interspersed elements (LINE-1s or L1s) are abundant non-LTR retrotransposons that mobilize through an RNA intermediate by target site primed reverse transcription. The L1-encoded proteins (ORF1p and ORF2p) preferentially associate with their encoding transcript to form a ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), which is a proposed retrotransposition intermediate. Here, we have used epitope tagging to discriminate the proteins encoded by engineered L1s from those encoded by endogenously expressed L1s. We demonstrate that an L1 containing an epitope tag at the carboxyl terminus of ORF1p remains retrotransposition-competent and that tagged ORF1p and its encoding RNA localize to cytoplasmic RNPs. We also identified two classes of ORF1p mutants, one that severely decreased RNP formation and blocked retrotransposition, and another that allows RNP formation but reduces retrotransposition by 100-fold. Thus, these data indicate that RNP formation is important but not sufficient for L1 retrotransposition and suggest that ORF1p also may function at downstream steps in the L1 retrotransposition pathway.


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