Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on June 16, 2006
Human Molecular Genetics 2006 15(15):2285-2297; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl154
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KCNJ11 gene knockout of the Kir6.2 KATP channel causes maladaptive remodeling and heart failure in hypertension
1 Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, 2 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA and 3 Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at:, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Tel: +1 5072847517; Fax: +1 5072849111; Email: terzic.andre{at}mayo.edu
Received April 11, 2006; Accepted June 13, 2006
Heart failure is a growing epidemic, with systemic hypertension a major risk factor for development of disease. However, the molecular determinants that prevent the transition from a state of hypertensive load to that of overt cardiac failure remain largely unknown. Here in experimental hypertension, knockout of the KCNJ11 gene, encoding the Kir6.2 pore-forming subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, predisposed to heart failure and death. Defective decoding of hypertension-induced metabolic distress signals in the KATP channel knockout set in motion pathological calcium overload and aggravated cardiac remodeling through a calcium/calcineurin-dependent cyclosporine-sensitive pathway. Rescue of the failing KATP knockout phenotype was achieved by alternative control of myocardial calcium influx, bypassing uncoupled metabolic-electrical integration. The intact KCNJ11-encoded KATP channel is thus a required safety element preventing hypertension-induced heart failure, with channel dysfunction a molecular substrate for stress-associated channelopathy in cardiovascular disease.
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