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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on July 11, 2006
Human Molecular Genetics 2006 15(16):2421-2437; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl165
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Nf1+/– mast cells induce neurofibroma like phenotypes through secreted TGF-ß signaling

Feng-Chun Yang1,2, Shi Chen1,2, Travis Clegg1,2, Xiaohong Li1,2, Trent Morgan1,2, Selina A. Estwick1,2, Jin Yuan1,2, Waleed Khalaf2,3, Sarah Burgin1,2, Jeff Travers2,4, Luis F. Parada6, David A. Ingram1,2,5 and D. Wade Clapp1,2,3,*

1 Department of Pediatrics, 2 Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 3 Microbiology and Immunology, 4 Department of Dermatology and 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA and 6 Center for Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Indiana University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4 402A Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Tel: +1 3172789290; Fax: +1 3172748679; Email: dclapp{at}iupui.edu

Received March 24, 2006; Accepted June 28, 2006

Neurofibromas are common tumors found in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. These complex tumors are composed of Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts and perineurial cells embedded in collagen that provide a lattice for tumor invasion. Genetic studies demonstrate that in neurofibromas, nullizygous loss of Nf1 in Schwann cells and haploinsufficiency of Nf1 in non-neuronal cells are required for tumorigenesis. Fibroblasts are a major cellular constituent in neurofibromas and are a source of collagen that constitutes ~50% of the dry weight of the tumor. Here, we show that two of the prevalent heterozygous cells found in neurofibromas, mast cells and fibroblasts interact directly to contribute to tumor phenotype. Nf1+/– mast cells secrete elevated concentrations of the profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß). In response to TGF-ß, both murine Nf1+/– fibroblasts and fibroblasts from human neurofibromas proliferate and synthesize excessive collagen, a hallmark of neurofibromas. We also establish that the TGF-ß response occurs via hyperactivation of a novel Ras-c-abl signaling pathway. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of c-abl reverses fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis to wild-type levels.These studies identify a novel molecular target to inhibit neurofibroma formation.


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