Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on August 27, 2007
Human Molecular Genetics 2007 16(22):2729-2739; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm227
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The DNA polymerase 
Y955C disease variant associated with PEO and parkinsonism mediates the incorporation and translesion synthesis opposite 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine
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1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and 2 Scientific Computing Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Tel: +1 9195414792; Fax: +1 9195417613; Email: copelan1{at}niehs.nih.gov
Received June 25, 2007; Revised August 2, 2007; Accepted August 15, 2007
Mitochondrial DNA is replicated and repaired by DNA polymerase 
(pol ), encoded by the POLG gene. The Y955C substitution in POLG leads to autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) with other severe phenotypes. PEO patients with this mutation can further develop parkinsonism or premature ovarian failure. Mouse and yeast models with this mutation show enhanced amounts of oxidative lesions and increased mtDNA damage. In DNA pol , Tyr955 plays a critical role in catalysis and high fidelity DNA synthesis. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is one of the most common oxidative lesions in DNA and can promote transversion mutations. Mitochondria are thought to be a major source of endogenous reactive oxygen species that can react with dG to form 8-oxo-dG as one of the more common products. DNA polymerases can mitigate mutagenesis by 8-oxo-dG through allosteric interactions from amino acid side chains, which limit the anti-conformation of the 8-oxo-dG template base during translesion DNA synthesis. Here, we show that the Y955C pol displays relaxed discrimination when either incorporating 8-oxo-dGTP or translesion synthesis opposite 8-oxo-dG. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis suggest that this residue, Tyr955, in conjunction with Phe961 helps attenuate the anti-conformation in human pol for error free bypass of 8-oxo-dG and substitution to Cys allows the mutagenic syn conformation. Collectively, these results offer a biochemical link between the observed oxidative stress in model systems and parkinsonism in patients, suggesting that patients harboring the Y955C POLG mutation may undergo enhanced oxidative stress and DNA mutagenesis.
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.
Present address: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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