© 1993 Oxford University Press
OTHER |
Evolutionary conservation of possible functional domains of the human and murine XIST genes
1Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH 44106-4955 2Department of Genetics, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed
Received February 26, 1993; Revised April 19, 1993; Accepted April 19, 1993
The human XIST gene, a candidate for a role in X chromosome inactivation, has recently been cloned and sequenced, yielding a 17 kb cDNA with no apparent significant, conserved open reading frame. In addition, the XIST transcript has been localized within the nucleus to the Barr body by RNA in situ hybridization. This subnuclear localization and lack of any significant protein-coding potential suggest that XIST may act as a functional RNA within the nucleus. In the absence of a conserved open reading frame, we have turned to evolutionary studies as a first step toward elucidating a function for XIST in the process of X inactivation. While probes for XIST detect homologues in numerous eutherians, sequence comparisons require significant gapping and reveal identity levels intermediate between those seen for coding and non-coding regions in other genes. Further, sequence comparison of the most likely candidate open reading frame among several primate species reveals sequence changes not normally associated with protein-coding regions. Other features of XIST are conserved in different species, however, including the position of a major transcription start site and active X chromosome-specific DNA methylation patterns at the gene's 5' end. Finally, a possible molecular basis for differing propensity toward X inactivation between Xce alleles in mouse is investigated by comparing the sequence of the Xist conserved 5' repeats in mouse strains carrying different Xce alleles.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Zhao, B. K. Sun, J. A. Erwin, J.-J. Song, and J. T. Lee Polycomb Proteins Targeted by a Short Repeat RNA to the Mouse X Chromosome Science, October 31, 2008; 322(5902): 750 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Shen, Y. Matsuno, S. D. Fouse, N. Rao, S. Root, R. Xu, M. Pellegrini, A. D. Riggs, and G. Fan X-inactivation in female human embryonic stem cells is in a nonrandom pattern and prone to epigenetic alterations PNAS, March 25, 2008; 105(12): 4709 - 4714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Mancini-DiNardo, S. J.S. Steele, J. M. Levorse, R. S. Ingram, and S. M. Tilghman Elongation of the Kcnq1ot1 transcript is required for genomic imprinting of neighboring genes. Genes & Dev., May 15, 2006; 20(10): 1268 - 1282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. O'Neill The influence of non-coding RNAs on allele-specific gene expression in mammals Hum. Mol. Genet., April 15, 2005; 14(suppl_1): R113 - R120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Sirchia, L. Ramoscelli, F. R. Grati, F. Barbera, D. Coradini, F. Rossella, G. Porta, E. Lesma, A. Ruggeri, P. Radice, et al. Loss of the Inactive X Chromosome and Replication of the Active X in BRCA1-Defective and Wild-type Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., March 15, 2005; 65(6): 2139 - 2146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. R. Vasques, R. Stabellini, F. Xue, X. C. Tian, M. Soukoyan, and L. V. Pereira XIST Repression in the Absence of DNMT1 and DNMT3B DNA Res, January 1, 2005; 12(5): 373 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. B. Nesterova, S. Ya. Slobodyanyuk, E. A. Elisaphenko, A. I. Shevchenko, C. Johnston, M. E. Pavlova, I. B. Rogozin, N. N. Kolesnikov, N. Brockdorff, and S. M. Zakian Characterization of the Genomic Xist Locus in Rodents Reveals Conservation of Overall Gene Structure and Tandem Repeats but Rapid Evolution of Unique Sequence Genome Res., May 1, 2001; 11(5): 833 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hansen, R. Stoger, C. Wijmenga, A. M. Stanek, T. K. Canfield, P. Luo, M. R. Matarazzo, M. D'Esposito, R. Feil, G. Gimelli, et al. Escape from gene silencing in ICF syndrome: evidence for advanced replication time as a major determinant Hum. Mol. Genet., November 1, 2000; 9(18): 2575 - 2587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Gilbert and P. A. Sharp Promoter-specific hypoacetylation of X-inactivated genes PNAS, November 23, 1999; 96(24): 13825 - 13830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Heard, F. Mongelard, D. Arnaud, C. Chureau, C. Vourc'h, and P. Avner Human XIST yeast artificial chromosome transgenes show partial X inactivation center function in mouse embryonic stem cells PNAS, June 8, 1999; 96(12): 6841 - 6846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. De La Fuente, A. Hahnel, P. K. Basrur, and W. A. King X Inactive-Specific Transcript (Xist) Expression and X Chromosome Inactivation in the Preattachment Bovine Embryo Biol Reprod, March 1, 1999; 60(3): 769 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hansen, T. K. Canfield, A. M. Stanek, E. A. Keitges, and S. M. Gartler Reactivation of XIST in normal fibroblasts and a somatic cell hybrid: Abnormal localization of XIST RNA in hybrid cells PNAS, April 28, 1998; 95(9): 5133 - 5138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Pfeifer and S M Tilghman Allele-specific gene expression in mammals: the curious case of the imprinted RNAs. Genes & Dev., August 15, 1994; 8(16): 1867 - 1874. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Buzin, J. Mann, and J Singer-Sam Quantitative RT-PCR assays show Xist RNA levels are low in mouse female adult tissue, embryos and embryoid bodies Development, January 12, 1994; 120(12): 3529 - 3536. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.F. Willard, C.J. Brown, L. Carrel, B. Hendrich, and A.P. Miller Epigenetic and Chromosomal Control of Gene Expression: Molecular and Genetic Analysis of X Chromosome Inactivation Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1993; 58(0): 315 - 322. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|