Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 5, 1171-1178, Copyright © 1996 by Oxford University Press
A el-Amraoui, I Sahly, S Picaud, J Sahel, M Abitbol and C Petit
Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) associates severe congenital deafness,
vestibular dysfunction and progressive retinitis pigmentosa leading to
blindness. The gene encoding myosin VIIA is responsible for USH1B.
Mutations in the murine orthologous gene lead to the shaker-1 phenotype,
which manifests cochlear and vestibular dysfunction, without any retinal
defect. To address this phenotypic discrepancy, the expression of myosin
VIIA in retinal cells was analyzed in human and mouse during embryonic
development and adult life. In the human embryo, myosin VIIA was present
first in the pigment epithelium cells, and later in these cells as well as
in the photoreceptor cells. In the adult human retina, myosin VIIA was
present in both cell types. In contrast, in mouse, only pigment epithelium
cells expressed the protein throughout development and adult life. Myosin
VIIA was also found to be absent in the photoreceptor cells of other
rodents (rat and guinea- pig), whereas these cells expressed the protein in
amphibians, avians and primates. These observations suggest that retinitis
pigmentosa of USH1B results from a primary rod and cone defect. The
USH1B/shaker-1 paradigm illustrates a species-specific cell pattern of gene
expression as a possible cause for the discrepancy between phenotypes
involving defective orthologous genes in man and mouse. Interestingly, in
the photoreceptor cells, myosin VIIA is mainly localized in the inner and
base of outer segments as well as in the synaptic ending region where it is
co-localized with the synaptic vesicles. Therefore, we suggest that myosin
VIIA might play a role in the trafficking of ribbon- synaptic vesicle
complexes and the renewal processes of the outer photoreceptor disks.
ARTICLES
Human Usher 1B/mouse shaker-1: the retinal phenotype discrepancy explained by the presence/absence of myosin VIIA in the photoreceptor cells
Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite de Recherche Associee 1968, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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