Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 6, 1625-1632, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
E Fransen, G Van Camp, L Vits and PJ Willems
The neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) is a transmembrane
glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is essential
in the development of the nervous system. It is mainly expressed on neurons
and Schwann cells, and plays a key role in axon outgrowth and pathfinding
through interactions with various extracellular ligands and intracellular
second messenger systems. Mutations in L1 are responsible for a wide
spectrum of neurologic abnormalities and mental retardation. This spectrum
includes X-linked hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome, X-linked complicated
spastic paraplegia type 1 and X-linked agenesis of the corpus callosum.
These four diseases were initially described as distinct clinical entities
with an overlapping clinical spectrum, but can now be lumped into one
syndrome caused by mutations in the L1 gene. The main clinical features of
this spectrum are Corpus callosum hypoplasia, mental Retardation, Adducted
thumbs, Spastic paraplegia and Hydrocephalus, which has led to the acronym
CRASH syndrome.
REVIEWS
L1-associated diseases: clinical geneticists divide, molecular geneticists unite
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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