Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 6, 1323-1327, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
PF Ray, RM Winston and AH Handyside
In the somatic cells of female mammals, either the maternally or paternally
derived X chromosome (X(M) or X(P)) is randomly inactivated to achieve
dosage compensation for X-linked genes. In early mouse development,
however, selective inactivation of X(P) occurs first in extraembryonic
lineages at the blastocyst stage around the time of implantation before
later random inactivation in the embryonic ectoderm from which the fetus is
derived. Xist, a gene mapping to the X- inactivation centre (Xic), is
exclusively expressed from the inactive X- chromosome and is thought to be
involved in the initiation of X- inactivation. Consistent with this, Xist
is first expressed at the 4-to 8-cell stages, prior to functional
inactivation at the blastocyst stage, exclusively from X(P) in female
embryos. This also suggests that genomic imprinting may influence the
earliest expression of Xist resulting in selective inactivation of X(P) and
a candidate methylation site in the promoter region has recently been
described. Here we report the expression of the human homologue, XIST, in
human preimplantation embryos from the 5- to 10-cell stage onwards
consistent with its role in the initiation of inactivation. In contrast to
the mouse, however, transcripts were detected in both male and female
embryos demonstrating XIST expression from the X(M) in male embryos
(X(M)Y).
ARTICLES
XIST expression from the maternal X chromosome in human male preimplantation embryos at the blastocyst stage
Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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