Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 7, 1851-1858, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
HD Craig, M Gunel, O Cepeda, EW Johnson, L Ptacek, GK Steinberg, CS Ogilvy, MJ Berg, SC Crawford, RM Scott, E Steichen-Gersdorf, R Sabroe, CTC Kennedy, G Mettler, MJ Beis, A Fryer, IA Awad and RP Lifton
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a Mendelian model of stroke,
characterized by focal abnormalities in small intracranial blood vessels
leading to hemorrhage and consequent strokes and/or seizures. A significant
fraction of cases is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with
incomplete penetrance. Among Hispanic Americans, virtually all CCM is
attributable to a founder mutation localized to 7q ( CCM1 ). Recent
analysis of non-Hispanic Caucasian kindreds, however, has excluded linkage
to 7q in some, indicating at least one additional CCM locus. We now report
analysis of linkage in 20 non-Hispanic Caucasian kindreds with familial
CCM. In addition to linkage to CCM1, analysis of linkage demonstrates
linkage to two new loci, CCM2 at 7p13-15 and CCM3 at 3q25.2-27. Multilocus
analysis yields a maximum lod score of 14.11, with 40% of kindreds linked
to CCM1, 20% linked to CCM2 and 40% linked to CCM3, with highly significant
evidence for linkage to three loci (linkage to three loci supported with an
odds ratio of 2.6 x 10(5):1 over linkage to two loci and 1.6 x 10(9):1 over
linkage to one locus). Multipoint analysis among families with high
posterior probabilities of linkage to each locus refines the locations of
CCM2 and CCM3 to approximately 22 cM intervals. Linkage to these three loci
can account for inheritance of CCM in all kindreds studied. Significant
locus- specific differences in penetrance are identified. These findings
have implications for genetic testing of this disorder and represent an
important step toward identification of the molecular basis of this
disease.
ARTICLES
Multilocus linkage identifies two new loci for a mendelian form of stroke, cerebral cavernous malformation, at 7p15-13 and 3q25.2-27
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine and Departments of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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