Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 7, 279-284, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
JA Yoder and TH Bestor
Trace levels of 5-methylcytosine persist in the DNA of mouse embryonic stem
cells that are homozygous for null mutations in Dnmt1 , the gene for the
one previously recognized metazoan DNA methyltransferase. This residual
5-methylcytosine may be the product of a candidate second DNA
methyltransferase, Dnmt2, that has now been identified in human and mouse.
Dnmt2 contains all the sequence motifs diagnostic of DNA
(cytosine-5)-methyltransferases but appears to lack the large N- terminal
regulatory domain common to other eukaryotic methyltransferases. Dnmt2 is
more similar to a putative DNA methyltransferase of the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe than to Dnmt1. Dnmt2 produces multiple mRNA
species that are present at low levels in all tissues of human and mouse
and is not restricted to those cell types known to be active in de novo
methylation. The human DNMT2 gene was mapped to chromosome 10p12-10p14 in a
panel of radiation hybrids. Dnmt2 is a candidate for the activity that
methylates newly integrated retroviral DNA and maintains trace levels of 5-
methylcytosine in the DNA of embryonic stem cells homozygous for null
mutations in Dnmt1.
ARTICLES
A candidate mammalian DNA methyltransferase related to pmt1p of fission yeast
Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 701 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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