Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 7, 1071-1082, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
I Stec, TJ Wright, GJ van Ommen, PA de Boer, A van Haeringen, AF Moorman, MR Altherr and JT den Dunnen
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a
hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). The
smallest region of overlap between WHS patients, the WHS critical region,
has been confined to 165 kb, of which the complete sequence is known. We
have identified and studied a 90 kb gene, designated as WHSC1 , mapping to
the 165 kb WHS critical region. This 25 exon gene is expressed ubiquitously
in early development and undergoes complex alternative splicing and
differential polyadenylation. It encodes a 136 kDa protein containing four
domains present in other developmental proteins: a PWWP domain, an HMG box,
a SET domain also found in the Drosophila dysmorphy gene ash -encoded
protein, and a PHD-type zinc finger. It is expressed preferentially in
rapidly growing embryonic tissues, in a pattern corresponding to affected
organs in WHS patients. The nature of the protein motifs, the expression
pattern and its mapping to the critical region led us to propose WHSC1 as a
good candidate gene to be responsible for many of the phenotypic features
of WHS. Finally, as a serendipitous finding, of the t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3)
translocations recently described in multiple myelomas, at least three
breakpoints merge the IgH and WHSC1 genes, potentially causing fusion
proteins replacing WHSC1 exons 1-4 by the IgH 5'-VDJ moiety.
ARTICLES
WHSC1, a 90 kb SET domain-containing gene, expressed in early development and homologous to a Drosophila dysmorphy gene maps in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region and is fused to IgH in t(4;14) multiple myeloma [published erratum appears in Hum Mol Genet 1998 Sep;7(9):1527]
MGC-Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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