Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 7, 1371-1377, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
AI Agulnik, A Zharkikh, H Boettger-Tong, T Bourgeron, K McElreavey and CE Bishop
The recent transposition to the Y chromosome of the autosomal DAZL1 gene,
potentially involved in germ cell development, created a unique opportunity
to study the rate of Y chromosome evolution and assess the selective forces
that may act upon such genes, and provided a new estimate of the
male-to-female mutation rate (alpham). Two different Y- located DAZ
sequences were observed in all Old World monkeys, apes and humans.
Different DAZ copies originate from independent amplification events in
each primate lineage. A comparison of autosomal DAZL1 and Y- linked DAZ
intron sequences gave a new figure for male-to-female mutation rates of
alpham = 4. It was found that human DAZ exons and introns are evolving at
the same rate, implying neutral genetic drift and the absence of any
functional selective pressures. We therefore hypothesize that Y-linked DAZ
plays little, or a limited, role in human spermatogenesis. The two copies
of DAZ in man appear to be due to a relatively recent duplication event (55
000-200 000 years). A worldwide survey of 67 men from five continents
representing 19 distinct populations showed that most males have both DAZ
variants. This implies a common origin for the Y chromosome consistent with
a recent 'out of Africa' origin of the human race.
ARTICLES
Evolution of the DAZ gene family suggests that Y-linked DAZ plays little, or a limited, role in spermatogenesis but underlines a recent African origin for human populations
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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