Human Molecular Genetics

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Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 18 2599-2608
© 2000 Oxford University Press

An autosomal dominant congenital myopathy with cores and rods is associated with a neomutation in the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor

Nicole Monnier^1,+, Norma Beatriz Romero^+,2, Joëlle Lerale¹, Yves Nivoche³, Dong Qi⁴, David H. MacLennan⁴, Michel Fardeau² and Joël Lunardi^1,5,§

¹Laboratoire de Biochimie de l’ADN, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France, ²INSERM U523 and Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France, ³Département d’Anesthésie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France, ⁴Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and ⁵Laboratoire BECP/DBMS, CEA 2943 UJF–CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France

Central core disease (CCD) and nemaline myopathy (NM) are congenital myopathies for which differential diagnosis is often based on the presence either of cores or rods. Missense mutations in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) have been identified in some families with CCD. Mutations in the -tropomyosin and -actin genes have been associated with most dominant forms of NM. Analysis of the RYR1 cDNA in a French family identified a novel Y4796C mutation that lies in the C-terminal channel-forming domain of the RyR1 protein. This mutation was linked not only to a severe and penetrant form of CCD, but also to the presence of rods in the muscle fibres and to the malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) phenotype. The Y4796C mutation was introduced into a rabbit RYR1 cDNA and expressed in HEK-293 cells. Expression of the mutant RYR1 cDNA produced channels with increased caffeine sensitivity and a significantly reduced maximal level of Ca²⁺ release. Single-cell Ca²⁺ analysis showed that the resting cytoplasmic level was increased by 60% in cells expressing the mutant channel. These data support the view that the rate of Ca²⁺ leakage is increased in the mutant channel. The resulting chronic elevation in myoplasmic concentration is likely to be responsible for the severe expression of the disease. Haplotyping analysis indicated that the mutation arose as a neomutation in the proband. This first report of a neomutation in the RYR1 gene has strong implications for genetic linkage studies of MHS or CCD, two diseases characterized by a genetic heterogeneity.

⁺ These authors contributed equally to this work

^§ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratoire BECP/DBMS, CEA 2943 UJF–CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France. Tel: +33 4 76 76 55 73; Fax: 33 4 76 76 58 37; Email: jlunardi@chu-grenoble.fr

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