Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 4 653-657
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Transduction of 3'-flanking sequences is common in L1 retrotransposition
Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 415 CRB, 515 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Active LINE-1 (L1) elements possess the ability to transduce non-L1 DNA flanking their 3' ends to new genomic locations. Occasionally, the 3' end processing machinery may bypass the L1 polyadenylation signal and instead utilize a second downstream polyadeny- lation site. To determine the frequency of L1-mediated transduction in the human genome, we selected 66 previously uncharacterized L1 sequences from the GenBank database. Fifteen (23%) of these L1s had transposed flanking DNA with an average transduction length of 207 nucleotides. Since there are ~400 000 L1 elements, we estimate that insertion of transduced sequences alone may have enlarged the diploid human genome as much as 19 Mb or 0.6%. We also examined 24 full-length mouse L1s and found two long transduced sequences. Thus, L1 retrotransposition in vivo com- monly transduces sequence flanking the 3' end of the element.
+ These authors contributed equally to this work
§ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 215 898 3582; Fax: +1 215 5737760; Email: kazazian@mail.med.upenn.edu
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. K. Kojima and N. Okada mRNA Retrotransposition Coupled with 5' Inversion as a Possible Source of New Genes Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2009; 26(6): 1405 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Cantrell, L. Scott, C. J. Brown, A. R. Martinez, and H. A. Wichman Loss of LINE-1 Activity in the Megabats Genetics, January 1, 2008; 178(1): 393 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A.J.M. van den Hurk, I. C. Meij, M. del Carmen Seleme, H. Kano, K. Nikopoulos, L. H. Hoefsloot, E. A. Sistermans, I. J. de Wijs, A. Mukhopadhyay, A. S. Plomp, et al. L1 retrotransposition can occur early in human embryonic development Hum. Mol. Genet., July 1, 2007; 16(13): 1587 - 1592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Britten Almost all human genes resulted from ancient duplication PNAS, December 12, 2006; 103(50): 19027 - 19032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Kordis, N. Lovsin, and F. Gubensek Phylogenomic Analysis of the L1 Retrotransposons in Deuterostomia Syst Biol, December 1, 2006; 55(6): 886 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Xing, H. Wang, V. P. Belancio, R. Cordaux, P. L. Deininger, and M. A. Batzer From the Cover: Eukaryotic Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution Special Feature: Emergence of primate genes by retrotransposon-mediated sequence transduction PNAS, November 21, 2006; 103(47): 17608 - 17613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Wang, H. Zheng, C. Fan, J. Li, J. Shi, Z. Cai, G. Zhang, D. Liu, J. Zhang, S. Vang, et al. High Rate of Chimeric Gene Origination by Retroposition in Plant Genomes PLANT CELL, August 1, 2006; 18(8): 1791 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chen, A. Rattner, and J. Nathans Effects of L1 retrotransposon insertion on transcript processing, localization and accumulation: lessons from the retinal degeneration 7 mouse and implications for the genomic ecology of L1 elements Hum. Mol. Genet., July 1, 2006; 15(13): 2146 - 2156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. V. Babushok, E. M. Ostertag, C. E. Courtney, J. M. Choi, and H. H. Kazazian Jr. L1 integration in a transgenic mouse model Genome Res., February 1, 2006; 16(2): 240 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Cantrell, M. M. Ederer, I. K. Erickson, V. J. Swier, R. J. Baker, and H. A. Wichman MysTR: an Endogenous Retrovirus Family in Mammals That Is Undergoing Recent Amplifications to Unprecedented Copy Numbers J. Virol., December 1, 2005; 79(23): 14698 - 14707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Wang and E. F. Kirkness Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are a major source of canine genomic diversity Genome Res., December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1798 - 1808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. V. Karpinets and B. D. Foy Tumorigenesis: the adaptation of mammalian cells to sustained stress environment by epigenetic alterations and succeeding matched mutations Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2005; 26(8): 1323 - 1334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Han, S. K. Sen, J. Wang, P. A. Callinan, J. Lee, R. Cordaux, P. Liang, and M. A. Batzer Genomic rearrangements by LINE-1 insertion-mediated deletion in the human and chimpanzee lineages Nucleic Acids Res., July 20, 2005; 33(13): 4040 - 4052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Anzai, M. Osanai, M. Hamada, and H. Fujiwara Functional roles of 3'-terminal structures of template RNA during in vivo retrotransposition of non-LTR retrotransposon, R1Bm Nucleic Acids Res., April 6, 2005; 33(6): 1993 - 2002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Lavie, E. Maldener, B. Brouha, E. U. Meese, and J. Mayer The human L1 promoter: Variable transcription initiation sites and a major impact of upstream flanking sequence on promoter activity Genome Res., November 1, 2004; 14(11): 2253 - 2260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tuzun, J. A. Bailey, and E. E. Eichler Recent Segmental Duplications in the Working Draft Assembly of the Brown Norway Rat Genome Res., April 1, 2004; 14(4): 493 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Farley, E. T. Luning Prak, and H. H. Kazazian Jr More active human L1 retrotransposons produce longer insertions Nucleic Acids Res., January 23, 2004; 32(2): 502 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Biedler and Z. Tu Non-LTR Retrotransposons in the African Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae: Unprecedented Diversity and Evidence of Recent Activity Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2003; 20(11): 1811 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Zylka, X. Dong, A. L. Southwell, and D. J. Anderson Atypical expansion in mice of the sensory neuron-specific Mrg G protein-coupled receptor family PNAS, August 19, 2003; 100(17): 10043 - 10048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Vincent, J. S. Myers, H. J. Ho, G. E. Kilroy, J. A. Walker, W. S. Watkins, L. B. Jorde, and M. A. Batzer Following the LINEs: An Analysis of Primate Genomic Variation at Human-Specific LINE-1 Insertion Sites Mol. Biol. Evol., August 1, 2003; 20(8): 1338 - 1348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ejima and L. Yang Trans mobilization of genomic DNA as a mechanism for retrotransposon-mediated exon shuffling Hum. Mol. Genet., June 1, 2003; 12(11): 1321 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. L. Prak, A. W. Dodson, E. A. Farkash, and H. H. Kazazian Jr. Tracking an embryonic L1 retrotransposition event PNAS, February 18, 2003; 100(4): 1832 - 1837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kaessmann, S. Zollner, A. Nekrutenko, and W.-H. Li Signatures of Domain Shuffling in the Human Genome Genome Res., November 1, 2002; 12(11): 1642 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Dasilva, H. Hadji, C. Ozouf-Costaz, S. Nicaud, O. Jaillon, J. Weissenbach, and H. R. Crollius Remarkable compartmentalization of transposable elements and pseudogenes in the heterochromatin of the Tetraodon nigroviridis genome PNAS, October 15, 2002; 99(21): 13636 - 13641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Chambeyron, A. Bucheton, and I. Busseau Tandem UAA Repeats at the 3'-End of the Transcript Are Essential for the Precise Initiation of Reverse Transcription of the I Factor in Drosophila melanogaster J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17877 - 17882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Ostertag and H. H. Kazazian Jr. Twin Priming: A Proposed Mechanism for the Creation of Inversions in L1 Retrotransposition Genome Res., December 1, 2001; 11(12): 2059 - 2065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-P. Witte, Q. H. Le, T. Bureau, and A. Kumar Terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIM) are involved in restructuring plant genomes PNAS, November 20, 2001; 98(24): 13778 - 13783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Elrouby and T. E. Bureau A Novel Hybrid Open Reading Frame Formed by Multiple Cellular Gene Transductions by a Plant Long Terminal Repeat Retroelement J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2001; 276(45): 41963 - 41968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Boissinot, A. Entezam, and A. V. Furano Selection Against Deleterious LINE-1-Containing Loci in the Human Lineage Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2001; 18(6): 926 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Wei, N. Gilbert, S. L. Ooi, J. F. Lawler, E. M. Ostertag, H. H. Kazazian, J. D. Boeke, and J. V. Moran Human L1 Retrotransposition: cis Preference versus trans Complementation Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2001; 21(4): 1429 - 1439. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.-m. Sheen, S. T. Sherry, G. M. Risch, M. Robichaux, I. Nasidze, M. Stoneking, M. A. Batzer, and G. D. Swergold Reading between the LINEs: Human Genomic Variation Induced by LINE-1 Retrotransposition Genome Res., October 1, 2000; 10(10): 1496 - 1508. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Goodier, E. M. Ostertag, K. Du, and H. H. Kazazian Jr. A Novel Active L1 Retrotransposon Subfamily in the Mouse Genome Res., October 1, 2001; 11(10): 1677 - 1685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pavlicek, J. Paces, D. Elleder, and J. Hejnar Processed Pseudogenes of Human Endogenous Retroviruses Generated by LINEs: Their Integration, Stability, and Distribution Genome Res., March 1, 2002; 12(3): 391 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Ovchinnikov, A. B. Troxel, and G. D. Swergold Genomic Characterization of Recent Human LINE-1 Insertions: Evidence Supporting Random Insertion Genome Res., December 1, 2001; 11(12): 2050 - 2058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|