Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 9 1393-1402
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Myopathy phenotype of transgenic mice expressing active site-mutated inactive p94 skeletal muscle-specific calpain, the gene product responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A
1Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan, 5Department of Immunology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan and 6Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
A defect of the gene for p94 (calpain 3), a skeletal muscle-specific calpain, is responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A), or ‘calpainopathy’, which is an autosomal recessive and progressive neuromuscular disorder. To study the relationships between the physiological functions of p94 and the etiology of LGMD2A, we created transgenic mice that express an inactive mutant of p94, in which the active site Cys129 is replaced by Ser (p94:C129S). Three lines of transgenic mice expressing p94:C129S mRNA at various levels showed significantly decreased grip strength. Sections of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the aged transgenic mice showed increased numbers of lobulated and split fibers, respectively, which are often observed in limb girdle muscular dystrophy muscles. Centrally placed nuclei were also frequently found in the EDL muscle of the transgenic mice, whereas wild-type mice of the same age had almost none. There was more p94 protein produced in aged transgenic mice muscles and it showed significantly less autolytic degradation activity than that of wild-type mice. Although no necrotic–regenerative fibers were observed, the age and p94:C129S expression dependence of the phenotypes strongly suggest that accumulation of p94:C129S protein causes these myopathy phenotypes. The p94:C129S transgenic mice could provide us with crucial information on the molecular mechanism of LGMD2A.
+ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory of Biological Function, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Tel: +81 3 5841 8218; Fax: +81 3 3813 0654; Email: ahsori@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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