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Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, Vol. 10, No. 6 581-589
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Primary non-random X inactivation associated with disruption of Xist promoter regulation

Alistair E. T. Newall1, Sarah Duthie1, Emma Formstone1, Tatyana Nesterova1, Maria Alexiou2, Colette Johnston1, Marie-Laure Caparros1 and Neil Brockdorff1,+

1X inactivation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, ICSM, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK and 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Transgenic Facility

In this report we demonstrate primary non-random X chromosome inactivation following targeted mutagenesis of a region immediately upstream of Xist promoter P1. In heterozygous animals there is a preferential inactivation of the targeted X chromosome in 80–90% of cells. The phenotype correlates with inappropriate activation of Xist in a proportion of the mutant XY embryonic stem cells. Strand-specific analysis revealed increased sense transcription initiating upstream of Xist promoter P1. There was, however, no discernible effect on transcription from the antisense Tsix gene. We demonstrate that the in vitro and in vivo phenotypes are specifically attributable to the presence of a PGKneo cassette at the targeted locus. These findings are discussed in the context of understanding mechanisms of Xist gene regulation in X inactivation.

+ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 208 383 8278; Fax: +44 208 383 8303; Email: nbrockdo@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk


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