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Human Molecular Genetics, 2002, Vol. 11, No. 12 1373-1380
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Association and linkage analyses of RGS4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia

Kodavali V. Chowdari1, Karoly Mirnics1,2, Prachi Semwal5, Joel Wood1, Elizabeth Lawrence3, Triptish Bhatia6, Smita N. Deshpande6,7, Thelma B.K.5,6, Robert E. Ferrell3, Frank A. Middleton2, Bernie Devlin1,3, Pat Levitt2, David A. Lewis1,4 and Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar1,3,6,*

1Department of Psychiatry, 2Department of Neurobiology, 3Department of Human Genetics and 4Department of Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health; Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, 5Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India, 6Indo–US Project on Schizophrenia Genetics, New Delhi 110001, India and 7Department of Psychiatry, Dr R.M.L. Hospital New Delhi 110001, India

Received January 7, 2002; Accepted March 29, 2002

Gene expression analyses of postmortem cerebral cortex suggest that transcription of the regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is decreased in a diagnosis-specific manner in subjects with schizophrenia. To evaluate the possible role of RGS4 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, we conducted genetic association and linkage studies using samples ascertained independently in Pittsburgh and New Delhi and by the NIMH Collaborative Genetics Initiative. Using the transmission disequilibrium test, significant transmission distortion was observed in the Pittsburgh and NIMH samples. Among single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning approximately 300 kb, significant associations involved four SNPs localized to a 10 kb region at RGS4, but the associated haplotypes differed. A trend for transmission distortion was also present in the Indian sample for haplotypes incorporating the same SNPs. Consistent with the linkage/association observed from the family-based tests, samples with affected siblings (NIMH, India) showed higher levels of allele sharing, identical by descent, at RGS4. When the US patients were contrasted to two population-based control samples, however, no significant differences were observed. To check the specificity of the transmission bias, we therefore examined US families with bipolar I disorder (BD1) probands. This sample also showed a trend for transmission distortion, and differed significantly from the population-based controls for the four-SNP haplotypes tested in the other samples. The transmission distortion is unlikely to be due to chance, but its mechanism and specificity require further study. Our results illustrate the potential power of combining gene expression profiling and genomic analyses to identify susceptibility genes for genetically complex disorders.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 3811 O'Hara St, Room 443, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tel:+1 412 624 0823; Fax:+1 412 624 0446; Email: nimga{at}pitt.edu


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