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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on October 21, 2003
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Human Molecular Genetics, 2003, Vol. 12, No. 24 3343-3348
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg351
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Promoter-restricted H3 Lys 4 di-methylation is an epigenetic mark for monoallelic expression

Claire Rougeulle*, Pablo Navarro and Philip Avner

Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France

Received August 6, 2003; Revised September 30, 2003; Accepted October 13, 2003

Methylation of histone tails has been implicated in long-term epigenetic memory. Methylated H3 Lys 4 (K4) is a generally conserved mark for euchromatic, transcriptionally active regions, although the effect of this modification is likely also to depend on its distribution both within the euchromatic region and more specifically within a given gene. Here we describe a profile of H3K4 di-methylation that is specific for monoallelically expressed genes. Both X-linked genes subject to X-inactivation and autosomal imprinted genes have di-methylated H3K4 restricted to their promoter regions. In contrast, high levels of H3K4 di-methylation are found in both promoters and exonic parts of autosomal genes and of X-linked genes that escape X-inactivation. We suggest that this pattern of promoter restricted H3 Lys 4 di-methylation, already present in totipotent cells, is causally related to the long-term programming of allelic expression and provides an epigenetic mark for monoallelically expressed genes.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rougeull{at}pasteur.fr


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