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Human Molecular Genetics 2005 14(Review Issue 1):R3-R10; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi110
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

From genome to epigenome

Adele Murrell*, Vardhman K. Rakyan and Stephan Beck

The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1223494753; Fax: +44 1223494919; Email: amm{at}sanger.ac.uk

Received January 14, 2005; Revised February 10, 2005; Accepted February 17, 2005

The success of the human genome sequencing project has created wide-spread interest in exploring the human epigenome in order to elucidate how the genome executes the information it holds. Although all (nucleated) human cells effectively contain the same genome, they contain very different epigenomes depending upon cell type, developmental stage, sex, age and various other parameters. This complexity makes it intrinsically difficult to precisely define ‘an’ epigenome, let alone ‘the’ epigenome. What is clear, however, is that in order to unravel any epigenome, existing and novel high-throughput approaches on the DNA, RNA and protein levels need to be harnessed and integrated. Here, we review the current thinking and progress on how to get from the genome to the epigenome(s) and discuss some potential applications.


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