Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on January 6, 2006
Human Molecular Genetics 2006 15(5):667-677; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi468
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BardetBiedl syndrome genes are important in retrograde intracellular trafficking and Kupffer's vesicle cilia function


1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 2Department of Biological Sciences and 3Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Tel: +1 3193356898; Fax: +1 3193357588; Email: val-sheffield{at}uiowa.edu
Received November 9, 2005; Revised December 22, 2005; Accepted December 30, 2005
BardetBiedl syndrome (BBS) is characterized by obesity, retinopathy, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, renal and cardiac anomalies as well as hypertension and diabetes. The nine known BBS genes do not appear to belong to the same functional category; yet mutation of these genes results in a nearly identical pleiotropic phenotype. Although the precise functions of the BBS proteins have yet to be determined, current data support a role in cilia function and intraflagellar transport. To gain insight into the biological processes controlled by BBS genes, we embarked on studies of six BBS orthologues from zebrafish. Knockdown of zebrafish bbs2, bbs4, bbs5, bbs6, bbs7 or bbs8 results in disruption of Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a ciliated organ thought to play a role in leftright patterning. KV defects are due to a progressive loss of cilia within the vesicle and result in subsequent alterations to organ laterality. We also note a specific defect altering retrograde melanosome transport. These studies are the first to comprehensively compare the diverse group of BBS genes in parallel and demonstrate a common role in intracellular trafficking, indicating that BBS proteins are involved in general organelle trafficking.
These authors contributed equally.
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