Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on November 30, 2007
Human Molecular Genetics 2008 17(5):717-723; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm343
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Published by Oxford University Press 2007
A novel, putative gain-of-function haplotype at SLC6A4 associates with obsessive-compulsive disorder
,*1 Laboratory of Clinical Science and 2 Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA and 3 Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Building 10, Room 3D41, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1264, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel: +1 3015940219; Fax: +1 3014020188; Email: wendlandj{at}mail.nih.gov
Received August 2, 2007; Accepted November 22, 2007
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric illness with strong segregation data indicative of major genetic contributions. Association analyses of common functional variants of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), a long-standing OCD candidate, have so far been inconsistent. Here, we set out to investigate the role of additional functional SLC6A4 loci in OCD. We describe a common, functional C > T single nucleotide polymorphism, rs25532, located less than 150 nucleotides centromeric of the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region indel known as 5-HTTLPR. The minor allele of rs25532 significantly decreased luciferase reporter gene expression levels by 15–80%, depending on 5-HTTLPR allele background and cell type. Haplotype-based testing of rs25532 and all other known non-coding functional SLC6A4 variants revealed a highly significant omnibus association with OCD in a large case–control sample. Remarkably, the haplotype significantly overrepresented in probands contained the higher-expressing allele at each locus, supporting the notion of increased serotonin transporter functioning being pathogenetically involved in OCD. Conditional haplotype analyses with the software WHAP revealed that this association is primarily driven by 5-HTTLPR, rs25532 and rs16965628. Our results contribute to a better understanding of SLC6A4 expression genetics and provide a functional haplotype framework for future serotonin-related studies.
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.
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