Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access originally published online on November 7, 2008
Human Molecular Genetics 2009 18(3):418-427; doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn369
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Cornelia de Lange syndrome mutations in SMC1A or SMC3 affect binding to DNA
1 Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA 2 Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate (MI), Italy 3 Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano (MI), Italy 4 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, E. Medea Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy 5 Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy 6 Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy 7 Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA 8 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany 9 Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 0503152776; Fax: +39 0503153973; Email: antonio.musio{at}itb.cnr.it
Received September 16, 2008; Accepted November 4, 2008
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphia, upper limb malformations, growth and cognitive retardation. Mutations in the sister chromatid cohesion factor genes NIPBL, SMC1A and SMC3 are present in
65% of CdLS patients. In addition to their canonical roles in chromosome segregation, the cohesin proteins are involved in other biological processes such as regulation of gene expression, DNA repair and maintenance of genome stability. To gain insights into the molecular basis of CdLS, we analyzed the affinity of mutated SMC1A and SMC3 hinge domains for DNA. Mutated hinge dimers bind DNA with higher affinity than wild-type proteins. SMC1A- and SMC3-mutated CdLS cell lines display genomic instability and sensitivity to ionizing radiation and interstrand crosslinking agents. We propose that SMC1A and SMC3 CdLS mutations affect the dynamic association between SMC proteins and DNA, providing new clues to the underlying molecular cause of CdLS.
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