Human Molecular Genetics, Vol 8, 625-637, Copyright © 1999 by Oxford University Press
HK Hong, JH Lass and A Chakravarti
Congenital hydrocephalus is an etiologically diverse, poorly understood,
but relatively common birth defect. Most human cases are sporadic with
familial forms showing considerable phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity.
We have studied the autosomal recessive mouse mutation congenital
hydrocephalus ( ch ) to identify candidate human hydrocephalus genes and
their modifiers. ch mice have a congenital, lethal hydrocephalus in
association with multiple developmental defects, notably skeletal defects,
in tissues derived from the cephalic neural crest. We utilized positional
cloning methods to map ch in the vicinity of D13Mit294 and confirm that the
ch phenotype is caused by homozygosity for a nonsense mutation in a gene
encoding a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor ( Mf1 ). Based on
linked genetic markers, we performed detailed phenotypic characterization
of mutant homozygotes and heterozygotes to demonstrate the pleiotropic
effects of the mutant gene. Surprisingly, ch heterozygotes have the
glaucoma- related distinct phenotype of multiple anterior segment defects
resembling Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. We also localized a second member of
this gene family ( Hfh1 ), a candidate for other developmental defects,
approximately 470 kb proximal to Mf1.
ARTICLES
Pleiotropic skeletal and ocular phenotypes of the mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus (ch/Mf1) arise from a winged helix/forkhead transcriptionfactor gene
Department of Genetics BRB 721 and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA.
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