Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 4 503-513
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Long glutamine tracts cause nuclear localization of a novel form of huntingtin in medium spiny striatal neurons in HdhQ92 and HdhQ111 knock-in mice
1Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, 4Laboratory for Molecular Neuropathology Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA, 2Department of Neurology, 3Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and 6Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
Huntingtons disease (HD) is caused by an expanded N-terminal glutamine tract that endows huntingtin with a striatal-selective structural property ultimately toxic to medium spiny neurons. In precise genetic models of juvenile HD, HdhQ92 and HdhQ111 knock-in mice, long polyglutamine segments change huntingtins physical properties, producing HD-like in vivo correlates in the striatum, including nuclear localization of a version of the full-length protein predominant in medium spiny neurons, and subsequent formation of N-terminal inclusions and insoluble aggregate. These changes show glutamine length dependence and dominant inheritance with recruitment of wild-type protein, critical features of the altered HD property that strongly implicate them in the HD disease process and that suggest alternative pathogenic scenarios: the effect of the glutamine tract may act by altering interaction with a critical cellular constituent or by depleting a form of huntingtin essential to medium spiny striatal neurons.
+ Present address: Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Addenbrookes Hospital Site, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
§ To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 617 726 5089; Fax: +1 617 726 5735; Email: macdonam@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
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