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Human Molecular Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 8 1209-1217
© 2000 Oxford University Press

Heterozygous MDR3 missense mutation associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: evidence for a defect in protein trafficking

P.H. Dixon1,2,+, N. Weerasekera1,2, K.J. Linton2, O. Donaldson1, J. Chambers1, E. Egginton3, J. Weaver4, C. Nelson-Piercy5, M. de Swiet6, G. Warnes2, E. Elias3, C.F. Higgins2, D.G. Johnston1, M.I. McCarthy1,2 and C. Williamson1,2,6

1Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine and 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, 3Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK, 5Department of Obstetrics, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK and 6Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlottes’ Hospital, Goldhawk Road, London W5 0XG, UK

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease of pregnancy with serious consequences for the mother and fetus. Two pedigrees have been reported with ICP in the mothers of children with a subtype of autosomal recessive progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) with raised serum {gamma}-glutamyl transpeptidase ({gamma}-GT). Affected children have homozygous mutations in the MDR3 gene (also called ABCB4), and heterozygous mothers have ICP. More frequently, however, ICP occurs in women with no known family history of PFIC and the genetic basis of this disorder is unknown. We investigated eight women with ICP and raised serum {gamma}-GT, but with no known family history of PFIC. DNA sequence analysis revealed a C to A transversion in codon 546 in exon 14 of MDR3 in one patient, which results in the missense substitution of the wild-type alanine with an aspartic acid. We performed functional studies of this mutation introduced into MDR1, a closely related homologue of MDR3. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and western analysis indicated that this missense mutation causes disruption of protein trafficking with a subsequent lack of functional protein at the cell surface. The demonstration of a heterozygous missense mutation in the MDR3 gene in a patient with ICP with no known family history of PFIC, analysed by functional studies, is a novel finding. This shows that MDR3 mutations are responsible for the additional phenotype of ICP in a subgroup of women with raised {gamma}-GT.

+ Present address: Neurogenetics Unit, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: ICSM Maternal and Fetal Disease Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. Tel: +44 208 383 3014; Fax: +44 208 383 8306; Email: catherine.williamson@ic.ac.uk


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