Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on August 12, 2003
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg272
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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1 Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, California 92093, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jane.hewitt{at}nottingham.ac.uk.
Recently, post-translational modification of proteins has been defined as a new area of focus muscular dystrophy research by the identification of a group of disease genes that encode known or putative glycosylation enzymes. Walker-Warburg Syndrome (WWS) and muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) are caused by mutations in two genes involved in O-mannosylation, POMT1 and POMGnT1, repectivelyrespectively. Fukuyama muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is due to mutations in fukutin, a putative phospholigand transferase. Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C and limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I are allelic, both being due to mutations in the gene encoding fukutin related protein (FKRP). Finally, the causative gene in the myodystrophy (myd) mouse dis a putative bi-functional glycosyltransferase (Large). WWS, MEB, FCMD and the myd mouse are also associated with neuronal migration abnormalities (often type II lissencephaly) and ocular or retinal defects. A deficiency in post-translational modification of
Article
GLYCOSYLATION DEFECTS: A NEW MECHANISM FOR MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY?
2 Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Abstract 
-dystroglycan is a common feature of all these muscular dystrophies and is thought to involve O-glycosylation pathways. This abnormally modified -dystroglycan is deficient in binding to extracellular matrix ligands, including laminin and agrin. Selective deletion of dystroglycan in the CNS produces brain abnormalities with striking similarities to WWS, MEB, FCMD and the myd mouse. Thus, impaired dystroglycan function is strongly implicated in these diseases. However, it is unlikely that these five glycosylation enzymes only have a role in glycosylation of -dystroglycan and it is important that other protein targets are identified.
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