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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on October 7, 2003

Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg336
© 2003 by Oxford University Press
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©2003 Oxford University Press

Article

A Mutation in the Canine BHD Gene is Associated with Hereditary Multifocal Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis in the German Shepherd Dog

Frode Lingaas 1, Kenine E. Comstock 2, Ewen F. Kirkness 3, Anita Sørensen 1, Tone Aarskaug 1, Christophe Hitte 4, Michael L. Nickerson 5, Lars Moe 1, Laura S. Schmidt 6, Rachael Thomas 7, Matthew Breen 8, Francis Galibert 4, Berton Zbar 5, and Elaine A. Ostrander 9*

1 Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 N-0033 Oslo, Norway
2 Clinical and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, P.O. Box 19024, D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024 USA
3 The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
4 UMR 6061 CNRS, Génétique et Développement, Faculté de Médecine, 35043 Rennes Cédex, France
5 Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
6 Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702 USA
7 Oncology Research, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU United Kingdom
8 Dept. of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA
9 Clinical and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., D4-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eostrand{at}fhcrc.org.


   Abstract

Hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis (RCND) is a naturally occurring canine kidney cancer syndrome that was originally described in German Shepherd dogs. The disease is characterized by bilateral, multifocal tumors in the kidneys, uterine leiomyomas and nodules in the skin consisting of dense collagen fibers. We previously mapped RCND to canine chromosome 5 (CFA5) with a highly significant Lod score of 16.7 (theta = 0.016). We have since narrowed the RCND interval following selection and RH mapping of canine genes from the 1.3x canine genome sequence. These sequences also allowed for the isolation of gene-associated BACs and the characterization of new microsatellite markers. Ordering of newly defined markers and genes with regard to recombinants localizes RCND to a small chromosomal region that overlaps the human Birt-Hogg-Dubé locus, suggesting the same gene may be responsible for both the dog and the phenotypically-similar human disease. We herein describe a disease-associated mutation in exon 7 of canine BHD that leads to the mutation of a highly conserved amino acid of the encoded protein. The absence of recombinants between the disease locus and the mutation in U.S. and Norwegian dogs separated by several generations is consistent with this mutation being the disease-causing mutation. Strong evidence is provided that the RCND mutation may have a homozygous lethal effect (P < 0.01).


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