Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on January 6, 2004
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh043
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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1 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: R.Sturm{at}imb.uq.edu.au.
The relationships between MC1R gene variants and red hair, skin reflectance, degree of freckling and nevus count were investigated in 2331 adolescent twins, their sibs, and parents and sibs in 645 twin families. Penetrance of each MC1R variant allele was consistent with an allelic model where effects were multiplicative for red hair but additive for skin reflectance. Of nine MC1R variant alleles assayed, four common alleles were strongly associated with red hair and fair skin (Asp84Glu, Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp and Asp294His), with a further three alleles having low penetrance (Val60Leu, Val92Met and Arg163Gln). These variants were separately combined for the purposes of this analysis and designated as strong ‘R’ [OR = 63.3; 95% CI 31.9-139.6] and weak ‘r’ [OR = 5.1; 95% CI 2.5-11.3] red hair alleles. Red-haired individuals are predominantly seen in the R/R and R/r groups with 67.1% and 10.8% respectively. To assess the interaction of the brown eye color gene OCA2 on the phenotypic effects of variant MC1R alleles we included eye color as a covariate, and also genotyped two OCA2 SNPs (Arg305Trp and Arg419Gln) which were confirmed as modifying eye color. MC1R genotype effects on constitutive skin color, freckling and mole count were modified by eye color, but not genotype for these two OCA2 SNPs. This is probably due to the association of these OCA2 SNPs with brown/green not blue eye color. Amongst individuals with a R/R genotype (but not R/r), those who also had brown eyes had a mole count twice that of those with blue eyes. This suggests that other OCA2 polymorphisms influence mole count and remain to be described.
Article
Interactive effects of MC1R and OCA2 on melanoma risk phenotypes
2 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
3 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
4 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld. 4072, Australia
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