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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on November 17, 2004

Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi018
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Article

Genome-wide linkage scan of epilepsy-related photoparoxysmal EEG response: evidence for linkage on chromosomes 7q32 and 16p13

Dalila Pinto 1, Birgit Westland 2, Gerrit-Jan de Haan 3, Gabrielle Rudolf 4, Berta Martins da Silva 5, Edouard Hirsch 4, Dick Lindhout 2, Dorothée G.A. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité 6*, and Bobby P.C. Koeleman 2

1 Complex Genetics Section, DBG-Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 TA, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto, 4099-003, Portugal
2 Complex Genetics Section, DBG-Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508 TA, The Netherlands
3 Epilepsy Institute of the Netherlands SEIN, Heemstede, 2100 AA, the Netherlands
4 Clinique Neurologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67091, France
5 Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto, 4099-003, Portugal
6 Complex Genetics Section, DBG-Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Dorothée G.A. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, E-mail: d.kasteleijn{at}dmg.azu.nl


   Abstract

Paroxysmal response (PPR) is an abnormal visual sensitivity of the brain in reaction to intermittent photic stimulation. It is an epilepsy-related EEG trait with high prevalence in idiopathic epilepsies, especially in common idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE), such as childhood absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. This degree of co-morbidity suggests that PPR may be involved in the predisposition to IGE. The identification of genes for PPR would therefore aid the dissection of the genetic basis of IGE. Sixteen PPR-multiplex families were collected to conduct a genome-wide linkage scan using a broad (all PPR types) and a narrow model (exclusion of PPR types I-II and the occipital epilepsy cases) of affectedness for PPR. We found empirical genome-wide significance for linkage (Pgw(HLOD) = .004 and Pgw(NPL) = .01) for two chromosomal regions, 7q32 at D7S1804 (HLOD = 3.47 with alpha = 1, PNPL = 3.39 x 10-5) and 16p13 at D16S3395 (HLOD = 2.44 with alpha = 1, PNPL = 7.91 x 10-5), respectively. These two genomic regions contain genes that are important for the neuromodulation of cortical dynamics and may represent good targets for candidate-gene studies. Our study identified two susceptibility loci for PPR, which may be related to the underlying myoclonic epilepsy phenotype present in the families studied.


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