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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on April 20, 2005
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi163
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
Received February 17, 2005
Revised April 12, 2005
Accepted April 12, 2005

Article

Genome-wide Linkage Identifies Novel Modifier Loci of Aganglionosis in the Sox10Dom Model of Hirschsprung Disease

Sarah E. Owens 1, Karl W. Broman 2, Tim Wiltshire 3, J. Bradford Elmore 1, Kevin M. Bradley 1, Jeffrey R. Smith 1, and E. Michelle Southard-Smith 1*

1 Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 529 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0275, USA.
2 Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore Maryland 21205-2179, USA.
3 Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E. Michelle Southard-Smith, E-mail: michelle.southard-smith{at}vanderbilt.edu


  Abstract

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex disorder that exhibits incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity due to interactions among multiple susceptibility genes. Studies in HSCR families have identified RET-dependent modifiers for short-segment HSCR (S-HSCR), but epistatic effects in long-segment (L-HSCR) and syndromic cases have not been fully explained. SOX10 mutations contribute to syndromic HSCR cases and Sox10 alleles in mice exhibit aganglionosis and pigmentary anomalies typical of a subset of HSCR patients categorized as Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome (WS4, OMIM 277580). Sox10 mutant alleles in mice exhibit strain dependent variation in penetrance and expressivity of aganglionic megacolon analogous to the variation observed in patients with aganglionosis. In this study we focused on enteric ganglia deficits in Sox10Dom mice and defined aganglionosis as a quantitative trait in Sox10Dom intercross progeny to investigate the contribution of strain background to variation in enteric nervous system deficits. We observe that the phenotype of Sox10Dom/+ mutants ranges over a continuum from severe aganglionosis to no detectable phenotype in the gut. To systematically identify genes that modulate Sox10-dependent aganglionosis we performed a SNP-based genome scan in Sox10Dom/+ F1 intercross progeny. Our analysis reveals modifier loci on mouse chromosomes 3, 5, 8, 11 and 14 with distinct effects on penetrance and severity of aganglionosis. Three of these loci on chromosomes 3, 8, and 11 do not coincide with previously known aganglionosis susceptibility genes or modifier loci and offer new avenues for elucidating the genetic network that modulates this complex neurocristopathy.


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