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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on October 6, 2005
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi382
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
Received July 11, 2005
Revised October 3, 2005
Accepted October 3, 2005

Article

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human vitamin D receptor promoter change protein-DNA complex formation and are associated with height and vitamin D status in adolescent girls

Arnold d'Alésio 1, Michèle Garabedian 1, Jean Pierre Sabatier 2, Geneviève Guaydier-Souquières 2, Christian Marcelli 2, Audrey Lemaçon 1, Odile Walrant-Debray 1, and Frédéric Jehan 1*

1 Inserm U561, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, 82 Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
2 Departments of Medical Biophysics and Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 14033 Caen, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Frédéric Jehan, E-mail: jehan{at}paris5.inserm.fr


  Abstract

Numerous association studies have dealt with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding and intronic regions of the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) gene. We have hypothesized that phenotypic traits may also be associated with variations in VDR expression due to the presence of SNPs in promoter regions. In the present work, we have studied two SNPs located 1521 bp (G/C) and 1012 bp (A/G) upstream of the transcriptional start site of the main human VDR gene promoter (hVDRp). One base-change in any of the two variant sites led to a dramatic change in protein-DNA complex formation using nuclear extracts from HEK293, Caco-2 and COS-7 cells. Genetic analysis of 185 healthy adolescent girls evidenced two major haplotypes 1521G/1012A and 1521C/1012G and three main genotypes: homozygous for 1521G/1012A (21.1%), homozygous for 1521C/1012G (17.3%), and heterozygous 1521CG/1012GA (57.3%). Based on transfection data, promoter activity was nearly 2 fold higher with the 1521G/1012A haplotype, as compared to the 1521C/1012G haplotype. Clinical and biological association study in the adolescent cohort showed that girls with a CC/GG genotype had: (i) lower circulating levels of 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, with no detectable consequence on calcium metabolism; (ii) lower serum IGF-1 levels and (iii) smaller height from 11 years of age up to adult height.


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