Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on February 6, 2006
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl014
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1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. We have previously shown that the insertion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was over-represented in the fastest South African-born finishers of the South African Ironman Triathlons. Since ACE is a component of the skeletal muscle kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), the aim of this study was to determine if there are any further associations between polymorphisms within the BDKRB2 and NOS3 genes, which encode for the KKS components Bradykinin
Received December 2, 2005
Revised February 1, 2006
Accepted February 1, 2006
Article
The Bradykinin
Colleen J. Saunders 1,
Stavroulla L. Xenophontos 2,
Marios A. Cariolou 2,
Lakis C. Anastassiades 3,
Timothy D. Noakes 1,
and
Malcolm Collins 4 *
2 receptor (BDKRB2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3(NOS3) genes and endurance performance during Ironman Triathlons
2 Molecular Genetics Department B & Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
3 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
4 UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, Medical Research Council of South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Malcolm Collins, E-mail: mcollins{at}sports.uct.ac.za
Abstract 
2 receptor and nitric oxide synthase respectively, and ultra-endurance performance during the Ironman Triathlons. Four hundred and forty-three male Caucasian triathletes who completed the 2000 and/or 2001 South African Ironman Triathlons and 203 healthy Caucasian male control subjects were genotyped for the functional -9/+9 polymorphism within exon 1 of the BDKRB2 gene and the G894T NOS3 gene polymorphism. The BDKRB2 -9/-9 genotype occurred at a significantly higher frequency when the triathlete group (27.0%) was compared to the control group (19.3%, P = 0.035). When divided into tertiles, there was also a significant linear trend for the NOS3 GG genotype distribution among the fastest (35.0%), middle (40.4%) and slowest (46.9%) finishers (P = 0.039). The overall finishing times of the triathletes with a NOS3 GG genotype together with a BDKRB2 +9 allele were significantly slower than those with other genotype combinations (P = 0.001). The NOS3/BDKRB2 genotype ( = -0.150, = -31.48, P = 0.002), together with BMI and age, accounted for 14.6% of the variance in the overall race time for the triathlon. In conclusion both the NOS3 and BDKRB2 genes are associated with the actual performance during the Ironman Triathlons. 
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  C. J. Saunders, L. de Milander, T. Hew-Butler, S. L. Xenophontos, M. A. Cariolou, L. C. Anastassiades, T. D. Noakes, and M. Collins Dipsogenic genes associated with weight changes during Ironman Triathlons Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2006; 15(20): 2980 - 2987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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