Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on February 19, 2007
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm005
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Functional SNP in a Sp1-binding site of AGTRL1 gene is associated with susceptibility to brain infarction
1 Department of Environmental Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan 2 Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan 3 Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan 4 Laboratory for Genotyping, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Tel: +81 3 5449 5376; FAX: +81 3 5449 5123; Email: koichima{at}ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Received January 24, 2007; Revised January 26, 2007; Accepted January 26, 2007
Brain infarction is one of the common causes of death and also a major cause of severe disability. To identify a gene(s) susceptible to brain infarction, we performed a large-scale association study of Japanese patients with brain infarction using 52,608 gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Comparison of allele frequencies between 1,112 cases with brain infarction and age- and sex-matched control subjects of the same number found a SNP in the 5’-flanking region of angiotensin receptor like-1 (AGTRL1) gene (rs9943582, -154G/A) to have a significant association with brain infarction (Odds ratio = 1.30, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.47, P = 0.000066). We also found the binding of Sp1 transcription factor to the region including the susceptible G allele, but not the non-susceptible A allele. Luciferase assay and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that exogenously-introduced Sp1 induced transcription of AGTRL1 and its ligand, apelin as well, indicating direct regulation of apelin/APJ pathway by Sp1. Furthermore, a 14-year follow-up cohort study in a Japanese community in Hisayama town, Japan revealed that the homozygote of the susceptible G allele of this particular SNP had significantly higher risk of brain infarction (Hazard ratio = 2.00, 95 % CI = 1.22-3.29, P = 0.006). Our results indicate that the SNP in the AGTRL1 gene is associated with the susceptibility to brain infarction.
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