Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on April 4, 2007
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm078
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Histones Associated with Downregulated Genes are Hypo-acetylated in Huntington's Disease Models
1 MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, B114-2000, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA 2 Center for Interdisciplinary Informatics, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA 3 Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, P.O. Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477
* Corresponding author: Jang-Ho J. Cha, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129-4404. Telephone: 001-617-724-1481, Fax: 001-617-724-1480, Email: cha{at}helix.mgh.harvard.edu
Received February 22, 2007; Revised March 20, 2007; Accepted March 20, 2007
Transcriptional dysregulation plays a major role in the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). However, the mechanisms causing selective downregulation of genes remain unknown. Histones regulate chromatin structure and thereby control gene expression; recent studies have demonstrated a therapeutic role for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in polyglutamine diseases. This study demonstrates that despite no change in overall acetylated histone levels, histone H3 is hypo-acetylated at promoters of downregulated genes in R6/2 mice, ST14a and STHdh cells, as demonstrated by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation. In addition, HDAC inhibitor treatment increases association of acetylated histones with downregulated genes and corrects mRNA abnormalities. In contrast, there is a decrease in mRNA levels in wild-type cells following treatment with a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor. Although changes in histone acetylation correlate with decreased gene expression, histone hypo-acetylation may be a late event, as no hypo-acetylation is observed in 4 week old R6/2 mice. Nevertheless, treatment with HDAC inhibitors corrects mRNA abnormalities through modification of histone proteins and may prove to be of therapeutic value in HD.
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