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Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on April 9, 2009
Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp177
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Identification of AF4/FMR2 family, member 3 (AFF3) as a novel rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility locus and confirmation of two further pan-autoimmune susceptibility genes

Anne Barton1,9,*, Steve Eyre1,9, Xiayi Ke1, Anne Hinks1, John Bowes1, Edward Flynn1, Paul Martin1, YEAR Consortium7, BIRAC Consortium8, Anthony G. Wilson2, Ann W. Morgan3, Paul Emery3, Sophia Steer4, Lynne J. Hocking5, David M. Reid5, Pille Harrison6, Paul Wordsworth6, Wendy Thomson1 and Jane Worthington1

1 arc-Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 2 School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield University, Sheffield S10 2JF 3 Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, UK 4 Clinical and Academic Rheumatology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS 5 Musculoskeletal and Genetics Section, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK, AB25 2ZD 6 University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK 7 YEAR Consortium (Supplementary note online) 8 BIRAC Consortium (Supplementary note online)

* Corresponding author: Dr Anne Barton, arc-Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Email: anne.barton{at}manchester.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)161 275 5037; Fax +44 (0)161 275 5043

Received February 9, 2009; Revised April 2, 2009; Accepted April 6, 2009

The concept of susceptibility genes common to different autoimmune diseases is now firmly established with previous studies demonstrating overlap of loci conferring susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) with both Coeliac disease and multiple sclerosis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an archetypal autoimmune disease and we, therefore, targeted putative T1D susceptibility loci for genotyping in UK RA cases and unrelated controls. A novel RA susceptibility locus at AFF3 was identified with convincing evidence for association in a combined sample cohort of 6,819 RA cases and 12,650 controls (OR 1.12 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.07–1.17, p = 2.8 x 10–7). Association of 2 previously described loci (CTLA-4 and 4q27) with RA was also replicated (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, p = 1.1–10–4 and OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94, p = 5.4 x 10–4, respectively). These findings take the number of established RA susceptibility loci to 13, only 1 of which has not been associated with other autoimmune diseases.

9 These two authors contributed equally to the work.


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